HICKORY ASSOCIATION 235 
trees and the walking-stick* (Diapheromera femorata) (40) is common. 
One of the most characteristic galls is the oak-seed gall (Andricus semi- 
nator), particularly abundant on white oak of this stage and not common 
later. Galls are very common on the white oak. The predatory capsid 
(Hyaliodes vitripennis) (Fig. 213) is usually present on the bark of the 
oaks, and is often in company with book-lice (Psocus). The squirrels, 
chipmunks, and birds of this association are similar to those of the next 
stage and will be discussed there. 
Fic. 214.—General view of the white-oak red-oak hickory forest (Glencoe). 
2. THE GREEN TIGER-BEETLE OR WHITE OAK-RED OAK-HICKORY 
ASSOCIATION 
(Stations 56, 64, 65; Tables LIV, LXI) (Fig. 214) 
This is the climax forest of the savanna region. The groves are 
largely made up of it. Though somewhat disturbed in localities where 
studied, it presents some variations. “Areas along the north shore contain 
considerable basswood. The Higginbotham woods at Gaugars (Fig. 
215) contain very few hickories and many maples; this type stands in 
closer relation to flood-plain and marsh forests than those discussed 
later. The woods at Suman are well invaded by beech and maple 
seedlings and represent the latest stages of this forest. It is thought 
