HICKORY ASSOCIATION 237 
Circinaria concava [Fig. 223]) are usually common and Polygyra albolabris 
is characteristic of the more mesophytic parts. 
The ruffed grouse, oven-bird, and woodcock nest on the ground. 
The timber rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus Harlan) formerly occurred 
in rocky situations (22). The four-toed salamander (Hemidactylium 
scutatum Schl.) is found locally (22). The white-footed wood-mouse 
(Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis Fisch.) builds a nest under fallen 
219 
INHABITANTS OF A MESOPHYTIC FOREST 
Fic. 216.—The wingless wood locustid (Ceuthophilus); enlarged. 
Fic. 217.—The common millipede (Spirobolus marginatus); natural size. 
Fic. 218.—Another millipede (Fonraria corrugate); natural size. 
Fics. 219-223.—Snails from the woods. 219, Polygyra pennsylvanica Green; 
220, Polygyra profunda Say; 221, Pyramidula solitaria; 222, Pyramidula alfernaia; 
223, Circinaria concava. 
logs and stumps (21). The gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus Mill.) is 
more dependent upon heavy timber than the red fox (21). The cotton- 
tail (21), which belongs to forest edge, frequently winters in the woods. 
The bear was formerly common, nesting under fallen trees and feed- 
