238 DRY AND MESOPHYTIC FOREST COMMUNITIES 
ing extensively on the berries. The timber wolf had its den in similar 
-places, though often burrowing into the ground. In Central Illinois 
moles are common residents of groves near cultivated lands. The 
Virginia deer (Odocoileus virginianus Bodd.) was formerly common and 
was preyed upon by the wolves and panthers. The latter sometimes 
leaped upon its prey from the branches of the trees (142). 
INHABITANTS OF TREES AND SHRUBS 
Fic. 224.—The spiny spider (Acrosoma gracilis), legs wanting (after Emerton). 
Fic. 225.—Another spiny spider (Acrosoma spinea): a, female; b, male; c, young 
(after Emerton.) 
Fic. 226.—Acorn weevils: a, dorsal view; 5, side view (after Riley, U.S. D. Agr.). 
Fic. 227.—A red-oak sawfly larva. 
Fic. 228—A female walking-stick on the trunk of a tree, with a caterpillar 
(Halisidota sp.) on the bark above. 
Consocies of logs (in wood and under bark): There is a regular suc- 
cession of forms which affect any one species of the trees of the forest. 
The earlier forms usually attack the trees while they are standing, and 
accordingly belong more properly to the tree stratum. When the bark 
