HICKORY ASSOCIATION 241 
A wasp (Polistes) builds its comb of wood pulp on the under side of 
the leaves. Various larvae and beetles feed upon the leaves of the 
undergrowth. A bug (Acanthocephala terminalis), a leaf-beetle (Calli- 
grapha scalaris), the fork-tailed katydid (Scudderia furcata), the round- 
winged katydid (Amblycorypha uhleri Brun.) (40), and various other 
insects have been secured from shrubs, especially in slight open- 
ings. The black snake (22) (now rare) often rests on bushes in such 
forests. The black and yellow warblers and woodthrush nest on the 
shrubs. 
THE STANDING DEAD OAK AND INHABITANTS 
Fic. 231.—The successor of Passalus (Philomycus carolinensis). 
Fic. 232.—The work of a carpenter ant in the same tree. 
d) Tree stratum.—The walking-stick (Fig. 228) (Diapheromera femo- 
rata) (40) is common on the tree trunks in the fall. The red oak 
supports the tree cricket (Oceanthus angustipennis), the stinkbug 
(Euschistus tristigimus), and the oak-leaf beetle (Xanthonia 1o-notata). 
Felt records several insects injurious to the red oak alone. From the 
white oak we have taken the katydid (Cyrtophillus perspicillatus), the 
larvae of sawflies (Fig. 227) and moths (Anisota senatoria), and various 
galls. Several weevils (Fig. 226a, 6) occur on acorns, and the twig- 
