246 DRY AND MESOPHYTIC FOREST COMMUNITIES 
First stage: Tree freshly fallen (Fig. 246). Only forms recorded are 
the apple-tree engraver beetle (Pterocyclon mali Fitch) (Fig. 247) which 
makes galleries in the solid wood. 
SUCCESSION IN THE BEECH LOG 
Fic. 246.—The freshly fallen beech. 
Fic. 247.—The first borer to enter the fallen tree (Pterocyclon mali Fitch); 
greatly enlarged (from Lugger after U.S. Dept. Agr.). 
Fic. 248.—The partially decayed beech. 
Fic. 249.—Closer view of the same showing the burrows of the different wood- 
boring larvae in the softened wood. 
Fic. 250.—Shows the last stage in the decay of the beech. 
