MOIST FOREST MARGIN 263 
2. FIELD AND SHRUB STRATA 
Here two zones may be recognized. While there is no reason for 
separating them in the ground stratum, a rough separation is here 
possible. 
a) Rank weeds, willow, dogwood, grape, etc. 
b) Prickly ash thicket with grape and young elms. 
Outside the first is a girdle of low prairie from which low prairie plants 
and some low prairie animals occasionally invade the forest margin. 
a) Girdle of rank weeds, dogwood, willow, etc—In open, grassy places 
the garden spiders (Argiope aurantia and trifasciata) (Fig. 255) fasten 
Fic. 254.—Low forest margin at Wolf Lake. Ind. In front of a, low prairie 
area; opposite b, belt of rank weeds: opposite c, low shrubs; opposite d, high shrubs; 
opposite e, trees. 
their webs to any firm support, such as a young shrub. Various grass- 
hoppers occur in open situations (Xiphidium fasciatum and brevipenne 
belong more properly to low prairie) (Fig. 256). The long-bodied spider 
(Tetragnatha laboriosa) (138) is a common resident. On the grasses 
beneath the shrubs the black-sided grasshopper (Xiphidium nigropleura) 
is abundant. The snail (Fig. 257) (Succinea ovalis) is sometimes 
common. 
Of the bugs which frequent the blossoms of the coarse weeds are the 
long-legged bug (Neides muticus), the buffalo tree-hopper (Fig. 259), and 
the candlehead (Scolops sulcipes) (Fig. 258). These two and especially 
the latter, with its curiously prolonged prothorax, are the most char- 
acteristic. The common plant-bug (Lygus pratensis) (Fig. 261) and an 
