DRY FOREST MARGIN 273 
The grape often grows in these situations, and is especially subject to 
attack by the Phylloxera (Fig. 277) and the grapevine June beetle, the 
larvae of the 8-spotted forester (Alypia octomaculata Fabr.), and the 
grapevine epimens (Psychomorpha epimensis Drury) (163). All of these 
spend a part of their lives in the ground. The Phylloxera (Fig. 277) 
winters on the roots of the grape. The grape-beetle larva bores in wood. 
The pupae of the two moths bore into rotten wood or the ground for 
pupation and also to spend the winter. This may be an important cause 
for their presence in the forest margin. Brownie-bugs are common 
(Fig. 278). 
Fic. 277.—The grapevine Phylloxera (Phylloxera vastatrix Planch.): a, leaf galls; 
b, section of gall with mother louse at center with young clustered about; c, egg; 
d, nymph; e, adult female; f, same from side; a, natural size, others much enlarged 
(after Marlatt, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agr.). 
One of the most interesting forms found here is Mantispa brunnea 
(Fig. 279). This is a neuropterous insect with forelegs adapted for 
seizing prey. Its larva is a parasite in the egg-cases of spiders. - The 
adult appears in July. In the autumn, after the leaves have fallen, one 
sees many nests of spiders on the high forest margin shrubs, so the young 
parasites have a good chance to secure their best food conditions here. 
Hawthorns often occur, and on the trunks we find woolly plant-lice 
(Schizoneura) in great white clusters (150). The hawthorn supports 
many of the pests of the apple. <a e A ] 
