274 THICKET COMMUNITIES 
The birds of the high forest margin are numerous (191). The gold- 
finch builds a nest of thistledown, grasses, etc., on shrubs or low trees. 
The chipping-sparrow builds its nest of rootlets and lines it with horse- 
hair. The Baitimore and orchard orioles build elaborate nests on the 
shrubs and feed in the open. The field sparrow sometimes builds 
on the rank weeds, in other cases on shrubs near the ground. The 
mourning dove, the indigo bunting, and the yellow warbler nest on 
shrubs; the latter often builds near water. The redstart builds in the 
forks of bushes and trees. The loggerhead shrike is common. The 
sparrow-hawk nests in deserted woodpecker holes near the edge of the 
woods and feeds in the meadow or prairie. The flicker is similar in 
“~ 278 | 
Fic. 278.—A brownie-bug (Enchenopa | 
binotata Say); enlarged (after Lintner). 
Fic. 279.—One of the Mantis-like 
neuroptera (Mantis pa brunnea); enlarged. 
279 
habits, but uses holes of its own making. The bronzed grackle and 
sharp-shinned hawk nest in trees near the forest edge and feed in the 
prairie. The cowbird, which lays its eggs in the nests of other birds, 
often chooses those nests of the high forest margin. 
IV. GENERAL DISCUSSION 
The forest margin, as we have seen, possesses in addition to the char- 
acteristic species a considerable number of species which frequent the 
prairie or forest; our list includes the breeding species. The classifica- 
tion below shows the various types of habit in birds and mammals. 
Forest MarGIN Birps AND MAMMALS 
(Compiled from literature cited) 
H indicates high forest margin; L, low forest margin. 
A. Breeding in the ground under the shrubs; feeding in the meadows or 
prairies and woods. 
t. Mammals: Skunk (H), Chipmunk (H), Franklin ground squirrel (H), 
Jumping mouse (H). Feed chiefly in woods. 
2. Birds: No birds have this habit. 
