INDEX OF SUBJECTS 
Snails—Contintued: 
—Campeloma, 99, 103, 104, 106: 
integrum, 107, 108, 117, 123. 
subsolidum, 100, 117. 
—Goniobasis, 103: 
livescens, 95, 98, 103, 116, 121, 123, 
1205035 
—Lymnaea, 84, 104, 131, 145: 
exigua, 173, 185. 
lanceata, 85. 
modicella, 114, 121, 154, 174, 
186, 187. 
obrussa, 154. 
reflexa, 147, 149, 154, 174, 175, 185, 
189. 
reflexa exilis, 154. 
stagnalis, 83. 
woodruffi, 79, 80, 84. 
—Physa, 145-151: 
gyrinad, 93, 114, 118, 121, 131, 
154, 173, 185. 
heterostropha, 154, 173. 
integra, 104, 117, 131. 
—Planorbis, 173, 185. 
bicarinatus, 39, 83, 99, 104, 117, 121, 
123, 154. 
campanulatus, 114, 131, 135, 147, 140, 
154- 
deflectus, 154. 
exacuosus, 154. 
exacutus, 83. 
hirsutus, 148, 149, 154. 
parvus, 116, 131, 135, 148, 149, 154, 
204. 
trivolvis, 16, 149, 150, 152, 154. 
—Pleurocera, 99, 103: 
elevatum, 106, 107, 108, 121, 123. 
elevatum lewisti, 117. 
subulare, 39, 126, 127, 135. 
subulare intensum, 121. 
—Pleuroceridae, 84. 
—Segmentina armigera, 131, 135, 154. 
—Valvata, 80: 
bicarinata perdepressa, 83. 
sincera, 83. 
tricarinata, 83. 
—Vivipara contectoides, 126, 128, 152. 
Snails, hibernation of, 192. 
Snails, terrestrial, scientific names: 
—Circinaria concava, 200, 204, 206, 237. 
181, 
135, 
anes 
—Omphalina fuliginosa, 253. 
—Polygyra: 
albolabris, 197, 207, 215, 237, 243, 254. 
clausa, 200. 
fraudulenta, 243, 256. 
inflecta, 234, 2506. 
monodon, 190, 213, 215, 254, 263. 
multilineata, 2060, 234. 
359 
oppressa, 243, 256. 
palliata, 243, 250. 
pennsylvanica, 236, 237. 
profunda, 200, 202, 215, 236, 237. 
thyroides, 200, 202, 208, 213, 215, 
234, 252, 254. 
—Pyramidula, 214, 215, 243: 
alternata, 192, 200, 236, 237, 243, 247, 
253, 254. 
pers pectiva, 256. 
solitaria, 236, 237, 243, 256. 
striatella, 190. 
—Succinea: 
avara, 187, 199, 202, 208, 282. 
ovalis, 208, 263, 264. 
retusa, 169, 187, 180, 199, 202, 204, 
208. 
—Vitrea indentata, 205. 
—Zonitoides, 215: 
arboreus, 190, 206, 234, 236, 243, 247, 
253, 300. 
Snakes, food of skunks, 269. 
Soil: 157-59; effect of, on organisms, 
159; factor in distribution, 301; 
humus, 158-59. 
Sowbugs or /sopoda, aquatic, scientific 
names: 
—Asellus communis, 90, 98, 114, 121, 
154, 174, 185, 200. 
—Mancasellus danielsi, 135, 154, 174. 
Sowbugs, terrestrial, scientific names: 
—Cylisticus convexus, 239, 253. 
—Porcellio rathket, 200, 240, 254, 253. 
Sparrow: chipping, 274, 275; field, 274, 
275; grasshopper, 167, 289; lark, 275; 
song, 262, 268; 275; vesper, 167. 
Sparrow-hawk, 274. 
Species, animal: 1; number of, 1; plant, 
I; use in ecology, 3. 
Sphaeridae, scientific names: 
—Calyculina transversa, 83. 
—Musculium, 118, 179, 189. 
partumeium, 147, 153. 
secure, 147, 153, 185. 
truncatum, 121, 147, 153. 
—Pisidium, 81: 
compressum, 83. 
idahoense, 83, 133. 
punctatum, 83. 
scutellatum, 83. 
variabile, 83. 
ventricosum, 83. 
—Sphaeridae, 69, 80, 83, 100, 103, 147, 
TG, WS3y 
—S phaerium, 108: 
stamineum, 107, I16, 121. 
striatinum, 80, 83, 116. 
vermontanum, 79, 84. 
