INDEX OF SUBJECTS 
Stones: in water, 78, 88, 95-97; currents 
about, 61. 
Strata: defined, 37; in aquatic vegetation, 
105; in rapids, 94-96; on land, 165. 
Stream communities: 78, 86-123; base- 
level, 102-5; intermittent, 87-92; 
longitudinal arrangement of, 108-23; 
sandy, to1—2; sluggish, 102-5;  spring- 
fed, 93; swift, 93-09. 
Struggle for existence, 5-6. 
Sturgeon, 85. 
Succession: autoproductive, 308; causes, 
308; defined, 36; ecological, 36; 
forest, 247-50; geological, 36; lake, 
135; pond,| 152; Seasonal, 35, 36; 
278; stream, 110-13. 
Sucker: carp, 85; chub, 115, 110, 142, 
156; common, 84, 91, 92, 106, I15, 
11g, 120; long-nosed, 84; hog or stone- 
roller, 84, 119; red-horse, 84, 115, 119, 
140; short-headed red-horse, 120. 
Sunfish: bluegill, 84, 99, 115, I19, 120, 
126, 156, 141; blue-spotted or green, 
TO2 eT LO N20. 120025. th O ATs 
long-eared, 99, 119; pumpkin-seed, 
126, 156, 141. 
Swallow: bank, 222; tree, 225. 
Swamp communities, 169-73, 189-97. 
Tadpole catfish, 85, 105, 119, 142. 
Tamarack swamp communities, 193-97. 
Tanager, scarlet, 244. 
Daxiss.26.27. 
Temperature: of soil, 158-59; habitat 
compared, 159; control of distribution, 
199-304. : 
Temporary ponds, 173-80. 
Tension lines between land and water, 
169-88. 
Terminology of ecology, 36-38. 
Termites, 220-22. 
Termites, scientific name: 
—Termes flavipes, 220, 252. 
Tern, black, 170. 
Terrestrial conditions, 169-88, 247-50. 
Thicket communities, 262-75. 
Thrush: hermit, 195; wood, 241, 244. 
Thysanoptera, 306. 
Tiger-beetles, 180, 216; larvae, 210, 214, 
216. 
Toad: 167, 187, 283, 296; daily habits, 
222. ’ 
Toadbug, 180. 
361 
Toleration, law of, 302-5. 
Tolleston beach, 47. 
Top minnow, 84, 120, 123, 132, 135- 
Toxic substances, in soil, 159; in water, 
331 (114, 1142). 
Transparent animals, 77. 
Tree-fauna, differs with 
conditions, 16, 251. 
Trespass laws, 56. 
Tropism, 26, 27. 
Trout, Mackinaw or Lake, 50, 78, 79, 
80, 82, 85. 
Turkey, wild, 14. 
Turtles: geographic, 130, 135,. 156; 
habits of, 130; musk, 126, 130, 135, 
142, 156, breeding of, 130; painted, 
132, 156, 227; protected by law, 57; 
snapping, 132; soft-shelled, 130; trans- 
portation of animals by, 173. 
Turtles, scientific names: 
—Aromochelys odorata, 126, 135, 142, 
156. 
—Aspidonectes spinifer, 130. 
—Chrysemys marginata, 132, 156, 227. 
—Graptemys geographicus, 130, 135, 156. 
surrounding 
Upstream migration: of fishes, 106; of 
_mollusks, 106. 
Valparaiso Moraine, 46. 
Variation of behavior and habits related 
to conditions, 34. 
Varying hare, 15, 191, 195. 
Vegetation: aquatic, 65 (See Plants); 
climatic, 49, 50, 51, 174. 
Vernal fauna, 173-80. 
Vertebrata, 2. 
Vertebrates, products from, 21. 
Vireo, red-eyed, 196, 244. 
Warbler: black, 241; blackburnian, 196; 
black-throated, 229; green, 229; pine, 
229; prothonotory, 190, 191; yellow, 
196, 241, 274, 275. 
Water in soil, 157-58. ; 
Water margin communities: 180-83; 
sedge-covered, 181;  shrub-covered, 
181; terrigenous, of large lakes, 180, 
of ponds, 180, of rivers, 181. 
Water scavenger beetles, 65. 
Water-scorpions, 65, 104, 123, 131, I5I, 
155. 
Water-striders: 90; hibernation of, 201. 
