94 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [VoL. VIII. 
employer, precautions will be taken for mutual benefit. The claim is 
met, not by the one employer, where the accident occurred, but by the 
united funds. 
II.—Sick benefit insurance is managed by clubs, thus:—(1) Local 
sick-clubs, established by townships. (2) Industrial sick-clubs established 
by owners of large factories. (3) Builders’ sick-clubs, established by 
contractors. (4) Guilds and (5) Miners’ sick-clubs, governed by the- 
laws and regulations of the various states and, (6) Townships sick insurance 
comprehending all not covered by the other clubs. Like accident insurance 
this is compulsory, but in sick-benefit insurance the workpeople pay two- 
thirds of the contributions, up to 4 per cent. of the daily wages, the em- 
ployers pay the other third. Voluntary sick-clubs are permitted, in which 
the workmen pay the whole. The relief is free medical or hospital treat- 
ment and sick-pay for twenty-six weeks of half the usual daily wages. For 
women during confinement six weeks are allowed at this rate. In case 
of death, twenty times the daily wage is allowed for funeral expenses. 
Double insurance is permissible and the sick clubs are allowed to extend 
sick relief for twice the above time even without such additional insurance. 
IJI.—Invalidity and old age insurance is the only form in which the 
state gives any contribution, and that contribution is small. The funds 
for this object are provided by weekly contributions, paid half by employer 
and half by the employed. The Imperial government adds fifty marks 
($12.50) for each person insured. All such are divided into five classes, 
according to the amount of their yearly earnings, those who earn up to 350, 
550, 850, 1150 marks and above that sum, and the pensions are in two 
orders, those who are seventy and still able to work and all who are not. 
Calling these orders (a) and (b) the pensions are graded among the five 
classes thus :— 
Class I. Earnings up to 350 marks (a) 110 (b) 185 marks 
Te oY a 550 oy 140 27 ON ei 
on 10 - P 850 a! 170 330) 
oy! VA ‘§ a0 orL5@ i 200 200) 
rnpea Was Pa abOVe wn 5Onmee 230 450 =“ 
Payment of the contributions is usually made by the employers, who 
buy stamps of a special kind from the local office, affix them to the receipt 
card of the insured, and charge the cost to the employed. The amounts 
are in due time paid in to ‘‘insurance institutes’’ whose boundaries coincide 
with province or state divisions, and they manage the funds independently 
of each other. The officers of the board of direction, of the managing 
committee of these institutions and of arbitration courts connected there- 
with, are honorary and unremunerated. Expenses are paid, and, in the 
case of workmen’s representatives, compensation for loss of wages also. 
