1903-4.] THE PRINCIPLES OF INSURANCE. 95 
The system is not perfect, because of the division into the three great 
parts enumerated, and they will probably soon be united, so that the acci- 
dent, sickness and pension business may be transacted by one set of directors 
and officials. An extraordinary latitude in investments has also been 
allowed, for instance, the institutes are in many cases owners and even 
builders of workmen’s houses. The annual cost of the whole system is 
expected to be (in a state of permanence, not yet reached because in 
accident insurance the pension'list, to be met by assessment, is still 
rising) :— 
Empl Employed Empi 
Contributions. | (paid by.) Pays. Total. 
Siekmess Insurance). 44+ cic <@ «4s yak 10.30 Be 15.45 
Accident Set ND e Ah ertre hates Sete s 6.08 Bits ean 6.08 
Invalid Feder alban Bacal vey tne 4.65 4.65 2.88 12.18 
Mata KSpie vey herds tetany Ske ake to eis 15.88 14.95 2.88 Baap 
Orernidollarswcnie. sescdetic cetera $3.97 $3.74 $0.72 $8 .23 
The expenses of administration have been as high as 124 per cent. 
of the disbursements for all purposes. They are now stated at about 94 
per cent. thereof. Reckoning the ratio to receipts, as we usually do, they 
are about 74 per cent. 
A summary of the results of the system for 1902 is given as follows: 
Total population 58,000,000. Wage workers 14,500,000. 
Insurance Against. Sickness. Accident. Invalidity. 
RErsOns/IMSuUTed cr ccs a a ele ec encic 10,320,000 19,083,000 13,381,000 
" compensateds. s-cr se 3,983,900 834,600 1,061,000 
Receipts—marks............. 200, 350,600 141,394,100 210,677,100 
from contributions of 
Bmployerss” 0. fe. « 58,624,900 125,663,300 69,492,900 
Bimployed vee oacis cya. sk: TSO 7 SA OOO: ih Wt Ley otis anit ae 69,492,900 
RETSES Sore hens sre Oe ak os 194,060,000 124,796,900 132,361,800 
including Compensation... . 183,174,100 108,133,100 120,414,100 
Costs of Adminis- 
tration eee 10,885,900 16,663,800 11,947,700 
Accumulated Funds.......... 186,645,200 199,194,300 1,007,477,500 
Compensation per case........ 46.0 128.7 113.0 
Charges per personinsured..... 18.8 Get R312 
The mark is about equal in exchange to a quarter of a dollar, and to 
make the system applicable to Canada, where the standard of living is 
higher, we should have to at least double the contributions. But in spite 
of the pride with which German officials regard their methods, it does not 
seem to me possible that they could be made suitable for England, the United 
