162 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [Vou. VIII- 
ore is smelted, the gold-copper matte produced is shipped to Montana 
for refining purposes. There is also a smelter at Nelson for the ore of the 
Hall mine. The Yukon territory covers in a general way the district north 
of Cariboo, south of the Arctic Ocean, and lying between the Mackenzie 
River and the Alaska-Canada boundary. Gold has been known to exist 
there since 1864, and has been worked intermittently since 1873. Forty 
Mile River, a tributary of the Yukon, was discovered to carry coarse gold 
in 1886, and ten years later, what is known as the Klondike, was found to 
contain gold also, It was first discovered on Bonanza and Eldorado 
creeks ;?3 the news of this discovery spread far and wide, and active pros- 
pecting was the result. There are about 1,400 miles of Canadian Yukon 
streams, on all of which gold can be found. Mr. Ogilvie, former Canadian 
commissioner in the Yukon, estimates that an area of 125,000 square miles 
is gold bearing.** The former difficulties of reaching the Yukon have now 
been overcome; a telegraph line has also been laid by the Canadian Govern- 
ment from Skagway, on the coast, to Dawson. The gold is found and 
worked in the gravel deposits of the valleys and on their adjacent slopes, 
and it has been estimated that gold to the value of 95,000,000 dols. will 
be produced from these deposits in the next few years.”° 
The gold fields of Nova Scotia occupy the entire Atlantic coast line, 
and contain gold in combination with sulphides and arsenides of iron, but 
mostly in the free state. The following table will best convey the output 
of gold from Canada and its distribution.”° 
1892 I9OI 
Dols. Dols. 
Ontario see esatepiok aie SacI Soe ee Oe 7,118 243,022 
Saskatchewats-NAWedli-osenaeria tage ee ee Oe: 98,006 15,000 
DV SLRS OAD rcs es roy a rave teraPva tad cite e ote tah oo ot oS Trees cate ON CESS ce 12, 500,00027 
QiEbe Grass thre oe ha Cea inn wanes ae ee 12,887 3,000 
British Columibiazh face «aici soe hem eee 399,525 5,596,700 
NOVA SCOLIAS minsocaxsrs ai seishe Foes ek ake eee eee 389,965 604,500 
Otay ates vb s.ciae le seteie oe wee Te Peer 907,601 18,962,222 
The gold production for the Yukon in 1902 was 12,018,561 dols. 
according to the United States Mints it was 14,525,275.7° 
The total output of gold in Canada in the years 1893, 1900 and 1903 
amounted respectively to $976,603, $27,908,153, and $18,834,373. The 
figures for 1904 are not yet available. 
(23) ‘‘ Official Guide to the Klondike,” by William Ogilvie. 
(24) Ibid. 
(25) Report of the Canadian Commission in the Yukon. 
(26) Statistical Year Books, 1892-1902. 
(27) Letters from Mr. B. E. Walker, General Manager, the Canadian Bank of Commerce. 
(28) Letter from Hon. Clifford Sifton, Minister of Interior, Ottawa. 
