178 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [VoL. VIII. 
beet-pulp refuse is also being largely used as a food for live stock, for which 
purpose it is extremely suitable owing to its nitrogen contents. In this. 
connection a new process has been introduced for drying the pulp, which 
entails an expenditure of $5 per ton, but, as the dried pulp is sold at 
$6.25 per ton, a clear profit of $1.25 is thus secured to the manufacturer.®! 
The production of sugar from Canadian grown beets is a new and, it 
is to be hoped, rising industry which offers great scope for some co-opera- 
tive arrangements between the companies and the farmers. It should give 
an impetus to agriculture, afford employment to thousands of unskilled 
workpeople, and, as an important industry, be a lasting benefit to the coun- 
try. Whether or not the growing of beets will become popular remains to 
be seen; the present quality is as yet not so good as was expected, but much 
may yet be done in the way of improvement by careful cultivation. 
The following communication, dated March 6th, 1903, from Mr. 
George Elsey, manager of the Dresden Sugar Company, conveys some idea 
of the position of the industry from the point of view of the manufacturer 
and its possible future: 
‘‘At the present time there were four factories which operated this 
last season, and from what we are able to learn the results were as satis- 
factory as could be expected under the existing conditions, that is, the 
rain fall last summer damaged the beet crop from fifty to sixty per cent., 
both in the United States and in Canada. The balance of the crop, on 
account of wet weather, cost considerably more to raise than what was 
necessary. It was unfortunate that this should occur in the first season 
that the factories were started in Canada, as it was very disappointing, 
but most of the farmers have told us that they were surprised at the amount 
of rain the beet would stand, and in several instances where they could 
harvest the beet crop, the corn and other crops were ruined. After we 
have had a seasonable year and it will be demonstrated to the farmers 
that there is more money in raising sugar beets than any other crop that 
grows, the four factories now in existence will get their supply of beets 
within hauling distance of the factories. . . . Our farmers know 
well that the Michigan farmers obtain about a dollar a ton more for their 
beets than they do, and they also understand that it has cost as much in 
money and labour to raise a ton of beets in Canada as it does in Michigan 
or any part of the United States. They therefore feel dissatisfied, and are 
clamouring for more money, which the companies would be glad to pay 
if they could sell their sugar for the same price as the American Beet Sugar re- 
fineries. The present Canadian sugar tariff is such that it would not allow any 
(61) In the above I have drawn largely from an essay on the beet-sugar industry by Mr. E. R. 
Read, a student in the Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, who kindly placed his 
papers at my disposal. Also from Dr. Shuttleworth’s article in the ‘‘ Berlin News Record,” 1902. 
