182 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [Voy. VIII. 
extracting the resinous matter from the wood —in the form of chips— 
by digestion with sulphur compounds, usually a weak solution of sulphur- 
ous acid, about a quarter of which is in the form of bisulphite of lime.’ 
A soda chemical process is also employed by some makers. The sulphur 
used for the production of sulphurous acid is either imported from Sicily 
or obtained by burning pyrites. Chemical pulp possesses many advan- 
tages over mechanical pulp, though its manufacture is necessarily more 
expensive, and the yield per cord of wood, as compared with the latter, is 
much less.7* It has a longer and tougher fibre, and the resinous matter 
being no longer contained in it, finds uses for qualities of paper for which 
the mechanical pulp would be unsuitable. The principal markets for pulp 
are Great Britain, the United States, France, Australia, and Japan. Much 
of it is used, however, locally for the manufacture of paper. In 1903 the 
requirements of Great Britain alone amounted to $12,000,000, a little over 
seven per cent. of her needs. 
PAPER. 
In many cases the producers of pulp also manufacture it into paper. 
The principal requisites for the paper industry are a plentiful supply of 
pulp-wood, good water and an abundance of it, and cheap power; all these 
can be found in many parts of Canada. The growth in the demand for 
paper of all kinds, news, wrapping, wall and the finer grades, was one of the 
features of last century—especially newspaper. The introduction of wood 
fibre into its manufacture has consequently enabled the supply to keep pace 
with the demand. ‘The process of manufacture requires no description here ; 
the secretary to a prominent Canadian firm states that or ginally they used 
rope as a raw material, then straw, which was abandoned for rags, and 
finally these gave place to chemical and ground wood-pulp. Previous to 
1870 no wood whatever was used in the manufacture of paper in this coun- 
try. Ground wood-pulp was introduced at that time and has since become 
the filling material of the cheaper grades of paper, being partly pasty and 
partly fibrous. Up to 1885 the real fibre—the framework of the paper 
—was supplied by rags. In 1885 sulphite pulp was introduced and has 
largely replaced rags, except in the higher grades of paper, in which linen is 
used, and in the very low grades, where straw is employed.”° 
The Toronto Globe of March 4th, 1903, in an article on the wood-pulp 
‘ndustry, gives the following statistics, which are of interest :-— 
Tons. 
Production of mechanical pulp in 1902................... 152,210 
Production of sulphite pulp in 1902. %. <2 5 cr oar e ete ie err 79,735 
Production of -sodaspil prim =toO2 rir lerei nites ite ieee 9,044 
(73) Letter from Mr. Carl Riordan, Merritton, Ont. 
(74) One ton of mechanical pulp requires a little over a cord of wood; one ton of chemical pulp 
requires a little over two cords of wood. 
(75) Mines Report, P.Q., 1901. 
