184 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [VoL. VIII. 
distance transmission. The power on the American side is employed by 
some twenty or thirty firms engaged in such chemical industries as the man- 
ufacture of pulp and paper, silver plated goods, chlorate of potash, caustic 
alkali, salts of tin, carborundum, carbide, graphite, pure metallic lead, 
‘‘alundum’’—another emery substitute,—cereal food-stuffs, nitric acid 
and composite boards made from wood-pulp and flax-fibre. Judging from 
all this there should be a large increase in ‘he number of chemical industries 
in this neighbourhood when the Canadian power station is completed and 
the current available from the Falls to Toronto. 
The subjects that have been considered in this paper do not by any 
means exhaust the catalogue of chemical industries in Canada. Many 
important manufactures have, for the reasons mentioned in the opening 
paragraph, been omitted. A short summary of these will suffice. Matches, 
for example, constitute an important and necessary article of daily use, 
and are made in enormous quantities, practically all that are used in Canada 
being manufactured in the country. Brewing and distilling are carried on 
extensively also, ale, lager beer, and stout being made, while Canadian 
rye whisky is known throughout the whole English speaking world even 
a ‘‘Canadian Scotch”’ is produced at Perth, Ont.; brandy and champagne 
and other wines are made at Hamilton, Brantford, and Pelee Island, on 
Lake Erie. Fruit canning is one of the great industries of Wentworth and 
Essex Counties, Ont.; bacon packing and salmon canning may also be 
classed among those manufactures requiring the careful supervision of the 
skilled chemist. To the list may be added explosives of all kinds; black- 
ings, varnishes, japans, lacquers, paints and shellac, foodstuffs and sauces; 
antitoxines for use in the practice of medicine are made by the Parke Davis 
Co. at Walkerville. Natural mineral waters are abundant, at St. Cather- 
ines, in British Columbia and in Quebec, while manufactured aerated waters 
are made in mostly all the important towns. The almost universal wearing 
of india rubber foot coverings during the winter season necessitates the pro- 
duction of large quantities of goods of this sort. Many large factories for 
this purpose are in existence from which rubber goods of a superior quality 
emanate; dyeing and calico-printing might also be mentioned as being in 
a flourishing condition. ‘The attitude of manufacturers towards chemists 
has of late years been extremely favourable, and many have seen it to be 
to their advantage to employ men trained in our universities toinvestigate 
the processes and materials employed in their particular industries. So 
far their employment has been amply justified by the results, and it is to be 
hoped that more may be brought to see the profit to be gained by adopting 
scientific methods of work. ‘The university man who has specialized in 
chemistry can ass'st the manufacturers in this by bringing to bear on the 
vationale of the technical processes the general scientific knowledge which he 
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