226 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [Vox.. VIII. 
been able to save from their large Indian salaries. In the Indian Civil 
Service there are 130,000 Indians, whose average salary is £36 a year, and 
8,000 Europeans, whose average salary is £607 a year, or seventeen times 
that of the Indians. A Parliamentary Return, submitted in 1892, gives 
613,930,554 and £3,284,163 as the sums paid respectively to the Euro- 
peans and to the Indians on appointments in India of the annual value 
of £100 and upwards. 
These figures help us to appreciate the force of the declaration of Mr. 
R. N. Cust, a retired Indian civilian, living in England on Indian money: 
‘‘Englishmen grow fat on accumulations made in India, while the Indian 
remains as lean as ever. . . . Every post of dignity and high emolu- 
ment, civil and military, is held by a stranger and a foreigner.’’* 
Is it said that the higher positions must be reserved for the English 
because they alone are able to fill them? No mistake could be greater. 
There are thousands and thousands of Indians capable of filling these 
positions well, far better than, in too many cases, they are now filled by 
the utterly inexperienced young Englishmen (often scarcely more than 
boys) who know nothing about the country or its people, but who, because 
they are Englishmen, are often given precedence over Indians of the 
largest experience and knowledge. 
It should not be forgotten that the Indians are a civilized and gifted 
people—probably the most gifted in Asia—not stupid semi-barbarians 
as many seem to think. They have had a great history; they possess a 
great literature; they have given to the world two of its greatest religions. 
The higher caste Hindus of the north of India are related racially with 
ourselves; they are Aryans, belonging to the same ethnic family with the 
leading peoples of Europe. Lord Curzon, the present Viceroy, reminded 
his brother Englishmen a year or two ago that India was a highly civilized 
land, with arts, letters and profound philosophical systems at a time 
when the ancestors of the English were painted savages running wild in 
the woods. Should such a people be excluded not only from all part in 
their own government, but from nearly all positions of honour and emolu- 
ment under the government? Thousands have equipped themselves 
with the best education that the best colleges and universities of India 
and Great Britain can afford. Should that education count for nothing? 
A few of the higher positions in different departments of the Civil Service 
(none in the military service) have been given them, and they have proved 
not only their intelligence, but their integrity and ability in all offices 
which they have been permitted to hold. Said Sir Thomas Munro, Gov- 
* ‘Linguistic and Oriental Essays,’”’ Part II., chapter 7. (Triibner & Co.). 
