234 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [Vou. VIII. 
pressing down into their souls. It is time too for the world to begin to hear 
the testimony of those Englishmen, both in India, and at home, some of 
whom I have quoted above, who can see with other eyes than those of the 
Indian official and bureaucrat; who have hearts and consciences; who 
can put themselves in the place of the Indian people; who believe that 
justice and the Golden Rule ought to be as binding in Asia as in Europe. 
It would be incredible that a nation like Great Britain, ruling India so long, 
and sending there so many able and excellent men, should not have accom- 
plished some good. But what about the evil? Shall that count for 
nothing? 
The Indian Government is praised for its generosity because it appro- 
priates certain sums of money from its treasury each year (relatively to 
the need very small sums) for objects of permanent public benefit. But 
where is the generosity? Is not every rupee in the Government’s treasury 
Indian money? Does a penny of it come from any English source? The 
inquiry that should be made is, why are not vastly larger appropria- 
tions made for ends of permanent public benefit ? 
The Government is often pointed to as an example of remarkable 
benevolence because it furnishes doles to so many of the starving in times 
of famine. But if it has taken from the people unnecessary taxes, and 
thus helped to bring them to the verge of starvation, is it very great 
benevolence to give them back enough of their own money barely to keep 
the breath of life in them? 
EDUCATION IN INDIA. 
Much credit has been given to the Indian Government for education. 
It has done some good work in this direction, for which let it have full 
praise. But how little has it done compared with the need, or compared 
with what the people want, or compared with its ability, if it would only 
use its resources primarily for India’s good! Why has so little of the 
people’s money been spent for education? In the schools of India, of all 
kinds, high and low, there are some 4,418,000 scholars (if we include the 
native states). But what is this number in a population nearly as large 
as that of all Europe? How much does the Indian Government spend 
annually for education? The munificent sum of one penny and a fifth per 
head of the population! Think of it! Isit any wonder that after a century 
and a half of British dominance, the number of persons in India, who can 
read and write, is only about eleven in a hundred among males, and one 
in two hundred among females? With their native industries so badly 
broken down, the Indian people have special need for industrial, technical, 
