302 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [Vou. VIII. 
interest in the timber under licenses to lumbermen, and derive consider- 
able revenue from this source. For the collection of the stumpage dues 
on the timber cut under these licenses the Province is divided into var- 
ious districts or agencies in charge of a Crown timber agent. Attached 
to each agency are one or more bush rangers, and in each logging camp 
a timber scaler or culler, as he is termed in Ontario. The Crown timber 
agent is usually paid a yearly salary, and the rangers a per diem allow- 
ance when employed. These men are paid by the Government. The 
culler, the man who measures the logs or timber as cut, and on whose 
returns the dues are paid, is licensed by the Government after passing an 
examination, is employed and paid by the lumberman. In order to 
check these returns and to see that the cullers are not making measure- 
ments unduly favorable to the lumbermen who employ them, the bush 
rangers make occasional tours of inspection among the various camps, 
and take sample measurements. 
Before offering .timber stumpage for sale, the Department of Lands 
and Forests causes the territory to be examined, and an estimate of the 
amount of standing pine prepared, to gain some idea of its value, and 
bush rangers are employed for this purpose. Altogether a very large 
staff of men are employed directly and indirectly in the bush by the Goy- 
ernment, aside from several hundreds of fire rangers employed, some 
wholly by the Department, some jointly by the Department and the 
lumbermen. 
I do not wish to convey the idea that these men should all be gradu- 
ates of a College of Forestry, but some of them might well be, and the 
others could be much improved in effectiveness by instructions they 
could receive from properly trained foresters. 
That forestry graduates would be so employed is reasonable to 
expect. In 1898 there were not half a dozen technically trained men 
employed in the United States Forest Service;- there are now about nine 
hundred. Of these two hundred are forestry graduates, and more 
would be employed if they were available. 
If graduates of a Forestry College can demonstrate by their work 
for the State that they are practical men, and know their business, they 
may look for positions antong private timber holders who usually pay 
higher salaries than the State. - 
This has already happened in two instances recently. Dr. Judson 
F. Clark, of the Ontario Service, and Mr. Roland Craig, of the Dominion 
Service, both graduates of Forestry Colleges in the United States, have 
