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1908-9. ] THE GEOLOGICAL CONNEXIONS OF THE CARIBEAN REGION. 377 
paleontological facts and considerations as supplementary to the main 
questions ; and for this my purpose will resolve itself into two branches 
which I shall pursue as far as the evidence at my disposal goes, not 
repeating what has already been advanced in previous writings. These 
two points are—r. A communication by land between the Caribean 
Region and North Africa or South Europe. 2. A communication by 
sea between the Caribean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. 
I find Gregory’s own decision in close approximation to mine. He 
says— All recent zoological work has tended to show that though at 
one time the Caribean Sea must have been in direct communication with 
the Pacific this was at a very distant period.” (Journ. Geol. Soc.; 1895, 
page 302). Then again (page 305) he says—‘ It is not at all certain 
that when the Isthmus of Panama was submerged there was a free com- 
munication between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The Caribean 
Sea may then have been a gulf from the Pacific, separated from the 
Atlantic by the land area of the hypothetical Antillia.”” This conclusion 
_of Gregory’s is indeed exactly what the evidence I am now’ bringing 
forward seems to suggest. Only that instead of Antilia, I substitute 
Atlantis. ; 
The arrangement of the lesser Antilles into two groups, an inner and 
an outer, was noted by Schomburgk (History of Barbados, page 532). 
It is well indicated in Cleve’s geological map of the North-Eastern 
West India Islands (K. svenska Akad Handlingar Stockholm, 1871). 
The inner group is volcanic, the outer (consisting of Anegada Barbuda, 
Deseada and the eastern portion of Guadelupe) is calcareous and _ sedi- 
mentary. Schomburgk alludes to the opinion of Vonbuch relative to the 
connexion of this chain of islands with the mountain ranges of Caracas. 
‘The separation of these two groups of islands marks, I think, one of 
those great lines of dislocation which occur on the margin of the ancient 
Atlantic Land. It extends from Haiti in a wide curve to Caracas. I 
have prepared a map which will show better than any verbal description 
what I conceive to be the course of those dislocations which mark the 
outer line of the Pacifico-Caribean Gulf. On the Island of Haiti a line 
of dislocation extends from the Bay of Samana in the north-east to 
Bahia de Manzanilla near Monte Cristo in the north of the Island. 
This large depression called Lavega was under water in tertiary times, 
as is proved by the extensive development of miocene formations along 
its margins with an extremely rich and characteristic fauna of mollusks, 
corals and foraminifera. A parallel depression crosses the south-west 
portion of the same island shown by lakes, laguns and bays extending 
