2 CO. M. Cooke, Jr.—The Hawaiian Hepatice 
The writer acknowledges his greatest thanks to Dr. A. W. Evans 
for his kind help in the preparation of this paper and for the use of 
material from the herbarium of Yale University, including several 
type-specimens sent by Herr F. Stephani and Mr. W. H. Pearson. 
Much thanks is also due Mr. D. D. Baldwin, of the Hawaiian 
Islands, for specimens of all the hepatics which he has collected. 
The descriptions of the tribe and of the different genera are 
largely based on those of Spruce in his ‘ Hepaticze of the Amazon 
and Andes” and in his paper “‘ On Cephalozia.” 
The tribe Trigonanthee is a fairly natural one, and was first pro- 
posed by Spruce.’ It is characterized by the trigonous perianth 
(except in Aantia and Marsupidium), which is usually borne 
on a short postical, specialized branch (rarely on a main branch or 
on the stem). This perianth is flattened antically and in every case 
there is a more or less pronounced postical keel, although apparent 
exceptions are found in certain species of Cephaloziella, where many 
of the perianths bear from one to three supplementary keels. In the 
tribe Epigonianthex the third keel is antical, while in the Scapani- 
ee and the Radulee the perianth is often so flattened that the 
upper and lower surfaces are in contact. In Aantia and Marsupi- 
dium the place of the perianth is taken by a large cylindrical 
perigynium. Aantia is distinguished from other saccate genera 
by its incubous leaves, but in the position of the sterile 
archegonia it agrees with Acrobolbus, a member of the Epigoni- 
anther. In both these genera the calyptra is adnate (about three- 
fourths) with the perigynium and is crowned at the top by the 
sterile archegonia. In Marsupidiwm, which agrees with Adelocolea 
in its vegetative characters, the sterile archegonia surround the 
mouth of the perigynium; this condition finds its counterpart in 
Tylimanthus, another member of the Epigonianthee. 
The plants of the Trigonanthez vary greatly in size and also in 
color, being green, yellow, brown, white or sometimes reddish. The 
stems are simple or variously branched. In some genera the vegeta- 
tive branches are lateral, while the specialized postical branches bear 
the g or 2 organs or else are reduced to flagella. In other genera 
all the branches are postical, while in Anomoclada the vegetative 
and sexual branches are antical and the flagella are postical. The 
lateral branches are commonly exogenous in origin, while the postical 
branches are usually endogenous and are axillary to the underleayes 
whenever the latter are present. In the genus Acromastigum, how- 
1 On Cephalozia. 1882. 
