78 A. FE. Verril—The Bermuda Islands; Geology. 
conditions are like those of the quarry at Paynter’s Vale, described 
above (p. 70). This beach-rock was evidently a very local deposit. 
It must have been much later than the red clay and limestone 
below it. It could not have been of the same period, for we know 
that part of the older rocks containing fossil land shells occur sub- 
merged some 45 feet below the sea at the dockyard, in the immedi- 
ate vicinity. Therefore the rock containing marine fossils must have 
been deposited at some period after the submergence of the Walsing- 
ham formation to at least that amount. 
Among other instances, Nelson mentions a locality of beach-rock 
on Long Bird Island, not described by later writers: 
“ The last individual animal organic which I shall mention is a 
Strombus, which I chiselled out at Long-bird Island, and had the 
cavities in the substance of the shell filled with crystallized carbon- 
ate of lime. JI may terminate this list comprehensively by saying 
that almost every shell now known in the surrounding sea. may be 
found in the rock quite perfect, except with regard to colour, espe- 
cially among the newer beds on the sea coast.” 
A local deposit of beach-rock or ‘ conglomerate,” with marine 
fossils, occurring at an old quarry on Stock’s Point, St. George’s 
Island, has been described by Rice, Stevenson, and others. It is 
said to have been of greater extent and height formerly. It varies 
from 1 to 6 feet in thickness. ‘The marine shells contained in it are 
mostly broken. it lies in corroded hollows of the harder underlying 
limestone, and to the height of about 12 feet above the sea. 
This deposit of beach-rock was described by Professer Rice, as 
follows:— 
“The rock which has been quarried there, and which now appears 
in the base of the bluff, is a very hard rock of suberystalline texture 
and of ferruginous color. It shows vestiges of irregular lamination, 
and contains fossil Helices and no marine fossils. It is undoubtedly 
a drift-rock, like that at Paynter’s Vale. The upper surface of this 
rock is exceedingly irregular, giving evidence of much subaerial 
erosion preceding the deposition of the overlying strata. It is over- 
lain by a remarkable conglomerate, evidently a beach-rock, contain- 
ing fragments of the underlying hardened drift-rock, peculiar ferru- 
ginous nodules, compact lumps of ‘red earth,’ and pretty large 
marine shells. The upper surface of this conglomerate, unlike its 
lower surface, is quite regular—the usual plane of marine deposition, 
This conglomerate is overlain in places by a stratum of sand, like 
that observed at Devonshire Bay, containing shells of land snails in 
