108 A. FE. Verrili—The Bermuda Islands; Geology. 
hardness of the layers ; the existence of pockets, beds, or layers of 
loose sand in the cliifs, ete. 
The irregular stratification of the limestone, with layers of unequal 
hardness and _ sloping in all directions, which is characteristic of all 
such xolian limestones, causes this rock to be admirably suited for 
the ocean waves to carve into curious and fantastic forms. (Figs. 1, 
6, 8, 10, 15, 16, 17, 22.) 
Figure 17.—Pinnacle of solian limestone on south shore showing sand-drift 
stratification above, and the deeply pitted, rough, hard surface below, infil- 
trated and coated with calcite. The cliff on the left is undercut. 
Along most of the north shore of the Main Island, from near 
Hamilton to the eastern end of St. George’s, the shore is almost 
everywhere formed by low or only moderately high limestone cliffs, 
which in many places have a talus of fallen rocks at the base, usually 
exposed at low tide (figs. 16, 25). But in many other places there 
are not many fallen rocks and the waves dash directly against the 
base of the cliffs, both at high-tide and low-tide. (Figs. 10, 15, 22, 
