110 A. E. Verrilli— The Bermuda Islands; Geology. 
Along many parts of these shores there are many outlying small 
rocky islets and numerous limestone ledges; some of them are close 
to the shore and evidently connected with the shore cliffs at no very 
distant period, while others are farther away. The submerged 
ledges, somewhat removed from the shore, are more or less covered 
with corals, but all bear quantities of large dark-colored seaweeds 
(Sargassum, etc.), so that they are conspicuous, even when wholly 
submerged. There are several of these small islands and ledges 
off Spanish Point ; others, like the Staggs, east of the Flatts ; and 
several in Bailey Bay, which are all good collecting grounds. Bailey 
Bay Island is the largest and highest of those in its vicinity, and 
Figure 18.—Islets and ledges in Bailey Bay ; showing the shattered and irregu- 
lar rocks, deeply pitted and honeycombed above low tide. 
bears some vegetation, such as stunted cedars, etc., but its summit 
is partly covered with fine drifting sand. Its shore ledges are very 
rough and deeply pitted (fig. 18), and its strata lie at all angles, so 
that there is here no approach to the formation of flat tidal benches 
or shelves, nor of serpuline atolls, such as are abundant on the 
south shores. 
b. Grottoes and cavernous places. 
Small grottoes, due to the removal of soft materials, exist in the 
cliffs at Clarence Cove (figs. 33a, 336), and in many other places. 
There is a grotto in the face of a cliff near the lighthouse on St. 
David’s Island, that is said to contain a pool of fresh water, but I 
did not visit it. 
