112 A. FE. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands; Geology. 
Many of these cliffs show, by their perpendicular fronts and the 
masses of fallen debris, that they are undergoing considerable ero- 
sion. This is mainly due to the peculiar undercutting effected by 
the small sharp waves, acting in one narrow zone, usually only a 
foot or less in breadth, doubtless aided by the solvent action of the 
water that is in constant contact with the surface undergoing ero- 
— 
WLLL) 
Wwe EZAZ ZZ Ze 
eZ 
2s 
——= — 
SoS = = ————— 
Figure 19.—Diagram of undercut cliff on Harrington Sound; a, groove about a 
foot wide ; w, w', high tide and low tide levels ; c, d, eolian limestone cliff ; 
e, e, soil; f, f, vertical fissures ; 6, submerged zxolian limestones. 
Figure 20.—Lion Rock, on the south shore of Harrington Sound,—a curiously 
eroded and hardened rock. The cliff in the middle distance is narrowly 
undercut, at sea level. (Phot. 1901, by A. H. Verrill.) 
sion. This causes the waves to cut a narrow groove, like a huge 
saw-cut, deeply into the face of the cliffs, whether high or low, just 
about at high-water mark. I have seen such grooves cut into the 
bases of cliffs to the extent of 10 to 15 feet, and less than a foot 
wide (figs. 19, 20). 
