116 A, E. Verrili—The Bermuda Islands; Geology. 
10 feet in diameter (fig. 23). They are undercut and eroded like the 
pinnacles near the shore (fig. 22); and like the reefs themselves, they 
are remnants of what were once islands, now destroyed by the sea. 
These rocks are interesting historically as well as geologically, for 
it was in close proximity to these rocks that the “ Bonaventura,” 
with Henry May on board, was wrecked in 1593, as mentioned below. 
Therefore they were represented, with this wrecked vessel, on the 
reverse of the original seal of the Bermuda Company (fig. 32). They 
lie about 8 miles north of the Main Island and about 12 miles 
N.N.W. from Catherine Point, at the eastern end of St. George’s 
Island. (See map II.) 
Figure 23.—-North Rocks, a view looking southward, toward the main island, 
which is seen in the background. From a recent photograph by Phelps 
Gage. lLoaned by Prof. E. L. Mark, from Proc. Am. Assoc. Ad. Sci., 1905. 
Within the outer reefs and between the anchorages there are 
innumerable detached reefs and groups of reefs of various sizes and 
shapes, but often covering many square miles, where the water is so 
obstructed and filled with reefs that no vessels of any kind can pass 
through them, except small boats in pleasant weather. But in other 
places they are more openly arranged or scattered, with deep water 
and white bottoms in the wide and deep passages between them. 
Beneath the sea the outer reefs and breakers, as well as most of 
those inside, are roughly eroded, with their sides perpendicular, or 
even so much undercut that the top often overhangs 6 to 10 feet or 
more. Schools of fishes, including many bright-colored species, often 
take refuge under the cavernous places (pl. xxxvi, fig. 1). Owing to 
