206 A, E. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands; Coral Reefs. 
ANTHOZOA. 
Madreporaria; True Reef-corals. 
In any examination of the reefs, the corals,* actinians, gorgonie, 
and bright colored sponges naturally attract most attention. Nearly 
all the corals, as well as most of the other forms of Bermudian reef 
animals and plants, are the same as those found on the reefs of 
* The more important recent systematic works relating to the corals of Ber- 
muda are the following. Many other special papers and the general works of 
Ehrenberg, Dana, Edwards and Haime, etc., are quoted in the synonymy : 
Agassiz, Louis.—Report on the Florida Reefs. Accompanied by illustrations of 
Florida Corals, 4to, 23 plates. Edited by A. Agassiz, Explanation of plates 
and names of the corals by L. F. Pourtalés. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoology, 
vol. vii, No. 1, 1880. 
The plates are remarkably good lithographs, mostly by Sonrel, and illustrate 
many of the species found at Bermuda, including also the very young of several 
species. It contains no descriptions. 
Dana, J. D.—Corals and Coral Islands. In ed. 3, 1890, the list of Bermuda 
corals is on p. 114. (Determined by A. E. Verrill.) 
Duchassaing, P. and Michelotti, G.—Memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles. 
Mem. R. Acad. Sci., Torino, ser. 2, vol. xix, pp. 89, 10 plates, 1860. Sup- 
plement to same, Mem. cit., vol. xxiii, pp. 112, 11 pl., 1866. 
Duerden, J. E.—Order of appearance of the Mesenteries and Septa in the Madre- 
poraria. Johns Hopkins Univ. Circular, xix, pp. 47-53, 1900. 
Morphology of the Madreporaria, ili. The Significance of Budding and 
Fission. Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. x, pp. 382-393, 1902. 
No. iv. Fissiparous Gemmation, op. cit., pp. 141-155, 1903. 
Aggregated Colonies in Madreporarian Corals. Amer. Naturalist, xxxvi, 
pp. 461-471, 1902. 
West Indian Madreporarian Polyps. Mem. Nat. Acad. Science, vol. viii, 
No. 7, pp. 401-597, pls. i-xxv, 1902. 
This is the most important work hitherto published on the anatomy and 
histology of the soft parts of reef corals, including their relations to the coral- 
lum. More or less of the embryology of several species is also given. About 
26 species were studied, including 10 that occur at Bermuda. 
The Coral Siderastrea radians and its postlarval Development. Publ. 
No. 20. Carnegie Inst., Washington, D. C., 130 pp., 11 plates, 1904. 
Gregory, J. W.—Contributions to the Paleontology and Physical Geology of the 
West Indies. Quart. Journ. Geological Society of London, vol. li, pp. 255- 
312, pl. xi, 1895. 
This is chiefly devoted to the fossil and recent corals and includes lengthy 
synonymy, which in numerous cases is erroneous, as Vaughan has shown. He 
recorded three fossil species from Bermuda and several recent ones. Among 
or 
