224 A, EF. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands; Coral Reefs. 
of guadalupensis the unnatural thickening is so great that many of 
the denticles haye become thick obtuse cones or tubercles, often in 
contact, while the septa are so thick that they are often in contact 
at the wall. Similar diseased specimens are common in Bermuda. 
Var. strigosa. The photographs of the two types of their 8S. 
strigosa, one of which is the same that they figured (pl. x, fig. 16, 
but their figure is reversed,) and their type of S. Agle* are all much 
alike in details, and in essential characters agree with those Bermuda 
specimens of fragilis in which the calicles become crowded, especially 
when they become older than usual. In this state, or variety, the 
calicles become rather smaller than usual, and many are circum- 
scribed ; the intervening ridges are rather high and mostly simple, 
and the calicles rather deep and abrupt, owing to the septa being 
wider distally. Their teeth are slender, acute, numerous, usually 10 
to 12, and the distal ones are mostly wider, especially on the sum- 
mits of the exsert septa. The name is retained as a varietal term, 
simply for convenience in designating a form or condition due to 
age or conditions of growth. 
The figures on pl. vii, figs. 1-7, of L. Agassiz, Florida Reefs, 
referred to LZ. dipsacea by Pourtalés, agree better with this variety 
of fragilis than with dipsacea. 
Var. asperula nov. (the name of the type, aspera D. and M., was 
preoccupied in Mussa by Edw. anid Haime, 1857). 
* The type of S. Agiw is a large specimen with numerous crowded calicles, 
many of which are nearly circumscribed and separated by narrow and usually 
simple collines. The septa are thin, not very wide, rather openly arranged, 
with slender acute teeth, as in fragilis. The longer, sinuous, calicinal valleys 
of the type are sometimes 2 inches or more in length, and .40 to .50 broad ; the 
hemispherical mass is about 6 inches wide and 4 high. The specimen is very 
much like that figured on our plate xvii, fig. 5, these Trans., vol. xi, in form, 
number and character of calicles, septa, etc. 
The type of S. thomasiana is very similar in details, but the calicles are larger 
and more flaring (the larger ones .80 to 1 inch broad), and many are cireum- 
scribed ; the ridges are very narrow and simple; septa unequal, very thin with 
wide interspaces. 
The type of S. helianthus is abnormal, for many of the calicles had been 
injured or killed and were being regenerated, while parasitic barnacles, serpule, 
alge, etc., had interfered with the normal development of many calicles. How- 
ever, a few are nearly normal and are very like those of strigosa. The only 
notable peculiarity is the rather unusual breadth of many of the larger septa, 
which are apt to be convex about mid-height ; their surfaces are sharply granu- 
lose ; the denticles are numerous, slender, irregular, roughly granulose or spinu- 
lose. It is probably an abnormal fragilis, of the var. strigosa, with dwarfed 
calicles, but it might be dipsacea. 
