bo 
bo 
Or 
A. FE. Verril—The Bermuda Islands; Coral Reefs. 
The type of their S. aspera is also very similar to many specimens 
of fragilis, and in many respects like their 8. Aglw and S. thom- 
asiana. I am disposed to consider it a variety of fragilis, for con- 
venience. 
The most tangible character is found in the rough septa, which 
are thin, rather narrow at the summit, and openly arranged, so that 
the calicles appear rather shallow and open, with narrow and usually 
simple walls between. The surfaces of the septa and their denticles 
are thickly covered with sharp, rough granules or spinules, but not 
much more so than in some specimens of true fragilis. The denti- 
cles are slender and rough, usually 10 to 12, the upper ones some- 
what stouter and wider. The larger calicles are .70 to .80 of an inch 
(18-22™™") broad ; mostly in long series in the type. 
The Z. aspera of Quelch is different and appears to be only a 
slight variation of dipsacea. 
Mussa (Isophyllia) dipsacea (Dana) Ver. Rose Coral. Cactus Coral. Figures 
79, 80, 81. 
Isophyllia or Symphyllia dipsacea of many writers. 
Isophyllia dipsacea Verrill, 1864; these Trans., xi, p. 118, plate xviii, figs. 2, 
5; pl. xix, figs. 2, 3; pl. xx, fig. 2, 1901. Pourtalés, in Agassiz, Florida 
Reefs, pl. vii, fig. 8 (section). Duerden, Mem. Nat. Acad. Science, viii, pp. 
574-576, pls. xvii, xviii, figs. 121-128, 1902, (anatomy, histology and larva). 
Mussa dipsacea Verrill, op. cit., p. 180, 1901. 
Symphyllia knoxi Duch. aud Mich., op. cit., p. 71, 1860; ? S. cylindrica and 
? 8. verrucosa D. and M., loc. cit., pp. 71, 72, 1860. (Both abnormal.) 
Tsophyllia knowi, I. dipsacea, I. cylindrica, I. aspera (non D. and M.), Quelch, 
Voyage Challenger, Zool., vol. xvi, pp. 84-87, 1886. 
This species closely resembles the last in colors, form, and general 
appearance, as well as in its habits of growth and localities, for they 
are often found together. 
The ecalicles are often complex and large, up to 1 to 1.5 inches, 
broad and frequently quite shallow. They are often circumscribed, 
partly or wholly, and frequently nearly circular. The intervening 
ridges or collines may be high or low, simple or double, often thick 
and solid. 
Some writers have made half a dozen or more nominal species out 
of mere slight variations of this and the preceding species.* It is 
* This is particularly true of Duchassaing and Michelotti, Coral. Antilles, 
and their Supplement. Also of Quelch, Voy. Challenger, Zool., vol. xvi, pp. 
10-12, 83-86. For more details see note on a previous page, and Verrill, these 
Trans., xi, pp. 115-121, plates xviii-xx : Zool. of Bermuda, article 11, the same 
plates. 
