248 A. E. Verrill— The Bermuda Islands; Coral Reefs. 
Actinaria*; Sea Anemones, etc. 
A ctinacea. 
Several large and handsomely colored sea anemones occur com- 
monly, both on the outer and inner reefs, and some are often very 
conspicuous when expanded, especially Condylactis gigantea, which 
is one of the largest and most abundant. It has very long and large 
flexible tentacles, usually with pink or purple tips, which are not 
retractile when disturbed. 
* The more important recent special works relating to the Bermuda Actinaria 
are as follows : 
Andres, A.—Le Attinie. Fauna u. Flora d. Golfes von Neapel. Monog. ix, 
1885. 
An admirable work on the Mediterranean species. Enumerates most of the 
Actinians then known from other seas. 
Carlgren, O.—Ost-Afrikanische Actinien. Mith. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 
1900. 
Contains some results of an examination of the types of Duchassaing and 
Michelotti. 
Duerden, J. E.—Jamaican Actinaria. Part i, Zoanthe. Royal Dublin Soc. Trans., 
ser. 2, vol. vi, pp. 329-376, plates xviia-xx (with anatomy), 1898; Part ii, 
op. cit., vol. vii, pp. 133-208, pl. x—xv, 1900. 
Actinaria around Jamaica. Journ. Inst. Jamaica, vol. ii, No. 5, pp. 
449-465, 1898. 
The Edwardsia-stage of Lebrunia. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zoél., vol. 
xxvii, pp. 269-316, pl. 18, 1899. 
Report on the Actinians of Porto Rico. Bull. U. S. Fish Com. for 1900, 
vol. xx, part 2, pp. 321-374, 12 plates, 1902. 
West Indian Sponge-incrusting Actinians. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
xix, pp. 495-503, 4 plates, 1908. 
On the Actinian Bunodiopsis globulifera Verrill. Trans, Linnean Soc. 
London, vol. viii, part 9, pp. 297-317, plates xxv, xxvi, 1902. 
Contains full anatomical and histological details of this Bermuda species. 
Erdmann, A.—Ueber einige neue Zoantheen. Jena Zeitsch. fiir Naturwissen- 
schaft., vol. xix, pp. 480-488, 2 plates, 1886. 
Describes two unnamed species from Bermuda with anatomy. 
Gray, J. E.—Spic. Zool., viii, 1825. Notes on Zoanthine. Proc. Zool. Soc. 
London, pp. 233-240, 1867. 
Enumerates the West Indian genera and species. 
Haddon, A. C.—Revision of the British Actinie. Part i. Sci. Trans. Royal 
Dublin Soe., iv, pp. 297-361, pl. xxxi-xxxvii, 1889. 
