A. FE. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands; Coral Reefs, 287 
forms of growth, the latter having no coenenchyma above the basal 
stolons. But I found no truly intermediate forms. Should they 
ultimately prove to be identical, it would probably be necessary to 
unite the genus Protopalythoa (= Gemmaria of many authors) to 
Palythoa.* The type of the latter (1816) was P. mammillosa. The 
only tangible difference between the two genera is the presence in 
the latter of a thick crust-like cenenchyma, uniting the polyps 
together laterally. But in this species they are often united for less 
than half their height. 
Zoanthus proteus Verrill. Figures 133, 184, 135. Plate xxx, fig. 1, «. 
Zoanthus, sp. 1. Erdmann, op. cit., p. 438, pl. iv, figs. 1, 2, general, pl. v, 
figs. 1-5, anatomy. 
Zoanthus Dance Hertwig, Voy. Chall., Zool., xxvi, p. 36, pl. i, fig. 1, 1888 
(non Verrill, 1867), 
?Zoanthus flos-marinus MeMurrich, op. cit., 1889, p. 113, pl. vii, figs. 3, 4 ; 
Heilprin’s The Bermuda Is., p. 119, pl. xi, figs. 8, 4, 1889 (non Duch. and 
Mich.). 
?Zoanthus pulchellus (pars) Duerden, Act. of Porto Rico, 1902, p. 332, pl. ii, 
figs. 2, 38, general, pl. iv, fig. 14, sphincter (non Duch. ana Mich.). 
Zoanthus proteus Verrill, these Trans., x, p. 561, pl. Ixvii, figs. 5-5b, 1900. 
This is the most common Bermuda species of Zoanthus. The 
polyps are extremely variable in form and height ; the column may 
Figure 133.—Zoanthus proteus, from same colony as 134; a, two polyps with 
lateral stolons and buds ; 6, polyps with lateral buds. x about 2. Drawn 
from preserved specimens by A. H. V. 
be short or long cylindrical; bottle-shaped ; jug-shaped ; club- 
shaped ; or tall, slender, trumpet-shaped ; all these forms often 
occurring in one cluster (see fig. 134). The wall is soft, but often 
has dirt, diatoms, etc., adhering slightly to the surface, except on 
* Or else the latter would need to be restricted to species in which the polyps 
can be entirely withdrawn into calicles immersed in the coenenchyma, 
