A, E, Verrill— The Bermuda Islands; Coral Reefs. 289 
Height of longest polyps, in contraction, 18 to 24™™; usual diam- 
eter, 3.5 to 5™™; height of short forms, 6 to 10™™; diameter, 4 to 6™™; 
height of average polyps, about 10 to 15™™; breadth of expanded 
disk, 5-8™™, 
At and considerably below low-tide mark, on the reefs, adhering 
to stones and dead corals ; also in the sheltered bays and sounds ; 
abundant in Hungry Bay in shallow water. 
This is the species described by Erdmann, op. cit., 1886, p. 438, 
pls. iv, v, with some anatomical details, and afterwards referred 
erroneously to Z Dane by Hertwig. It also resembles a species 
described by Duerden under the name of Z. pulchellus (non Duch. 
and Mich.) from Porto Rico, in 1902, but not so much the one 
described by him under that name from Jamaica, in 1898. The 
figure of the sphincter muscle given by Duerden is very much like 
that of this species, as figured by Erdmann, more like it in fact 
than like that of the Jamaica pulchellus figured by Duerden in 
1898, pl. 18a, fig. 3. In Erdmann’s figure the two sphincter muscles 
are both well developed, much as in Duerden’s Porto Rico speci- 
mens, which is not the case in the smaller Jamaica form. 
Zoanthus sociatus (Ellis and Sol.?) Cuvier. Figure 136 (Solandri). 
Actinia sociata Ellis (?) 1767, p. 428, pl. xiii, figs. 1, 2; Ellis and Sol., 1786, 
p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2. (Figs. reproduced by Lamouroux, Expos. Meth.) 
? Zoanthus sociata Lesueur, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad., i, p. 176, 1817. 
? Zoanthus Solandri (color-variety) Les., op. cit., pp. 177, 183, pl. viii, fig. 1 
1817* (not of Duerden, 1898). 
* Lesueur’s general figure of 7. Solandri (fig. 186), if natural size; as most of 
the general figures in his plates were, represents a much larger species: than the 
one here discussed, for the expanded disk in his figure is 12™™ in diameter; con- 
tracted columns, 9-10"; height of column, 45™™, He gives, as a measure- 
ment, ‘‘length about two inches” which agrees with the figure. As the above 
species agrees so well with his type in other respects, and no large West Indian 
species having similar characters is now known, it seems most logical to con- 
clude that his figure was enlarged to nearly double the natural size (at least 13). 
Allowing for this, the agreement would be very close. He stated that it had 60 
tentacles. Probably it was a mere color-variety of his Z. sociata (op. cit., p. 
176), which also had 60 tentacles and the same form of column and stolons, and 
lived in the same place. No theasurements were given of the latter. Both lived 
buried to the tentacles in sand, but were attached by slender stolons in crevices 
of rocks below the surface. The figure of Solandri by Duch. and Mich., 1860, 
is much like that of Lesueur, and similar in size; height 40-50™™" ; diameter of 
expanded disk 13™™, and it is stated to be natural size; the tentacles are short. 
If both figures of Solandri are natural size, it certainly is a distinct species, 
