A, E. Verrili— The Bermuda Islands; Coral Reefs. 293 
This species, very fully described anatomically by Duerden, seems 
to me to agree better with the original dubia than any other known,* 
and should, I believe, take that name. The dubius of Duch. and 
Mich., 1860, appears from the figure to be a larger and _ stouter 
species, more like Z. proteus, but they gave no description, not even 
ot the colors or number of tentacles, nor any measurements. Their 
pulchellus is probably Z. nymphea Les. The Z. pulchellus 
described from Porto Rico, 1902, by Dr. Duerden appears to be 
my Z. proteus, (see above, p. 289), but that of his previous papers 
is probably Z. dubius. 
Isaurus tuberculatus Gray. Figures 139, 140. 
Isaurus tuberculatus Gray, Spicil. Zoolog., p. 8, pl. 6, fig. 38, 1828; op. cit. 
1867, p. 234. 
Zoanthus tuberculatus Duch., Anim. Rad., p. 11, 1850. Duch. and Mich., 
Corall, Ant., p. 327, pl. viii, fig. 5, 1860. 
Antinedia tuberculata Duch, and Mich., Supl., p. 136, pl. vi, figs. 2, 3, 1866. 
Antinedia Duchassaingi Andres, p. 330, 1873. 
Mammillifera tuberculata MeMurrich, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei., Philad., p. 117, 
1889, pl. vii, figs. 5, 6; reprint in Heilprin’s Bermuda Is. 
Isaurus Duchassaingi MeMurrich, Notes on Actinians, p. 190, pl. xvii, figs. 
6-8. Duerden, Jamaican Actinaria, p. 346, pl. xviia, fig. 4 (general), pl. 
Xviiia, figs. 5, 6 (anatomy), 1898; Actinians of Porto Rico, p. 536, pl. ii, fig. 
5, pl. vi, figs. 23-25, pl. vii, fig. 26, 1902 (anatomy). 
This species is usually found growing solitary or in small groups 
on the reefs, or united by basal stolons into small colonies of 3 to 5 
individuals. The column is usually curved to one side or crooked. 
It is easily recognized by its firm consistency, translucency, and by 
the more or less prominent tubercles which cover the upper part of 
* Probably other species of Zoanthus occur at Bermuda which I have not met 
with, but all my species seem referable to the three species given above. But I 
did not make any special search for small forms. I have given a provisional 
analytical table of the West Indian and Bermuda forms usually recognized as 
distinct species in a former article (these Trans., vol. x, p. 566, 1900). I should 
remark that I have now reduced the species there given, by the anion of Solan- 
dri to sociata ; and pulchella to dubia. Also that the measurements there given 
for Solandri were taken from the figure, which was probably considerably 
enlarged. All the species need a thorough study, with numerous living colonies, 
in order to determine the limits of their variation, as well as a very much more 
extended study of their anatomy by sections, than they have yet received. Large 
series of sections should be made from polyps known to be certainly of one 
species, in order to know how much the internal structure may vary. Too often 
writers have depended on sections of actinians made from only one or two 
specimens, and have been much misled. We now know that the internal struc- 
ture often varies widely. 
