296 A, E. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands; Coral Reefs. 
and judging by the mesenteries were more likely about 48, About 
24 perfect mesenteries, alternating with very small ones ; two small 
ones in each of two pairs adjacent to directives ; 8 (or perhaps 10) 
are fertile. There is no evidence of attachment, the base being 
smooth and evenly rounded. 
It is probably a true Zoanthus, but my study of it was too incom- 
plete to place it accurately, and the specimen seems to have been 
lost. 
Alcyonaria. 
Gorgonacea* ; Sea-fans, Sea-plumes, ete. 
Several large species of gorgonians, called sea-fans, sea-rods, ete. 
by the fishermen, are very common on the inner as well as on the 
outer reefs. Some are found in Castle Harbor, but nearly all are 
absent from Harrington Sound. 
* Among the more recent works relating to Bermuda Gorgonacea are the 
following : 
Cook, Frank C.—The Chemical Composition of some Gorgonian Corals. Amer. 
Journ. Physiology, vol. xii, pp. 95-98. 
Six of the species analyzed were from Bermuda. 
Dana, James D.—Corals and Coral Islands. Three editions. Ed. 3, 1890, has 
the list of Bermuda corals and gorgonians on p. 114. 
Hargitt, C. W. and Rogers, Chas. G.—The Alcyonaria of Porto Rico. Bull. U.S. 
Fish Com., for 1900, pp. 265-287, 4 plates and cuts in text, Dec., 1901. 
Contains a useful analytical table of the families and genera of the Alcyonaria. 
Also figures and descriptions of several Bermuda species. 
Heilprin, Angelo.—The Bermuda Islands, pp. 103-105, 1889. 
Gives a list of 8 species of gorgonians, mostly without descriptive notes. Two 
are doubtful. 
Jones, J. Matthew.—Contributions to the Nat. History of the Bermudas ; Coral- 
liaria. Nova Scotian Institute Nat. Sci., vol. ii, pt. 2, pp. 7-16, 1869. 
A list of 4 species (determined by A. E. Verrill), with some notes. 
Kdlliker, Albert.—Icones Histiologice, ii, Die Bindesubstanz der Coelenteraten, 
13 cuts, x plates. Leipzig, 1865. 
The first work demonstrating the systematic importance of the spicules of 
Alcyonaria. It includes a revision of the genera and species. His figures of 
the spicules, etc., in many cases, represent preparations from the type-speci- 
mens of Esper, Ehrenberg, Lamarck, and Duch. and Michelotti. A set of 
mounted slides of the same species was sent to me by Dr. Kolliker. 
Mendel, L. B.—On the occurrence of Iodine in Corals. Amer. Jour. Physiology. 
iv, No, 5, pp. 243-246, 1900. 
The three species of gorgonians analyzed, Gorgonia flabellum, G. acerosa, and 
Plexaura flecuosa were from Bermuda, furnished by the writer. (See Cook, 
F. C.) 
