A. E. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands; Coral Reefs. 321 
corals, ete. The larger number live buried in sand or mud on the 
flats and shores.* 
Cuccumaria punctata Ludwig. Sea Cucumber. Figure 171. 
Clark, H. L., op. cit., 1901, pp. 342, 344. 
Semperia bermudensis Heilprin, The Bermuda Is., p. 138, pl. xii, figs. 2, 2a, 
3, 1889. 
This is, perhaps, the most common reef species. It lives firmly 
attached by its sucker-feet under loose stones. In expansion it is 
fusiform and becomes 4 to 6 inches long, and when its ten dendriti- 
cally branched tentacles are well expanded it presents an elegant 
Figure 171.—Cucumaria punctata, about nat. size. Phot. from life by A. H. V. 
appearance. Its color varies from yellowish brown to dark olive- 
green ; often with darker brown blotches or longitudinal stripes; 
sucker-feet lighter, yellowish or sometimes reddish. 
Holothuria captiva Ludw. Sea Cucumber. 
Clark, op. cit., 1899, p. 124; p. 342, 1901. 
Holothuria abbreviata and H. captiva Heilprin, The Bermuda Is., p. 137, pl. 
xii, figs. 4, 5, 8, 8a, 1889. 
This is of about the same size as the last, but is usually more 
elongated in form when fully expanded. It has about 18 to 20 short 
* Among those found burrowing in the calcareous sands of the flats are Holo- 
thuria Rathbuni (see p. 145, fig. 38), Chirodota rotifera, and several species 
of Synaptcee. (See p. 145.) One small species of Synapta or Chondroclea (C. 
vivipara, fig. 175) has the habit of living exposed, clinging firmly to alge, corals, 
hydroids, etc. by means of its dermal anchors. In life it is often green, blotched 
with white, but sometimes dull red, mottled with green or brownish red. 
Usually there is a pair of dark brown spots at the base of each tentacle. 
