A. EF. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands; Coral Reefs. 335 
free portion often a foot or more high. The opening at the summit 
of the tubes has a thin edge, usually fringed with little plumose pro- 
jections. Outer surface usually ornamented with more or less numer- 
ous spiniform processes. Oscules on the inner surface of the tubes. 
There are numerous varieties, based mainly on the character of 
the outer surface, which may be qnite smooth or it may have various 
forms of conules. Sometimes the same tube will be smooth distally, 
for half its length, and covered with aculeate or conical prominences 
below. The color in life is usually dark yellowish-gray or tawny 
yellow ; when well dried it is usually yellow, yellowish-gray, or 
yellowish-brown. 
Spinosella stolonifera (Whitf.). 
Siphonochalina stolonifera Whitfield, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. xiv, 
p. 47, plates i-iii, 1901. 
? Callyspongia Eschrichtii Duch. and Mich., op. cit., p. 56. Pl. xii, fig. 1.* 
This singular and rare species has smaller tubes than the pre- 
ceding, with one or two circles of spinose elevations near the top, 
while an intricate mass of stolon-like processes, mostly not tubular, 
is given off from the base. The spicules are simple oxeote forms, 
nearly as in the last. 
Pachychalina cellulosa, sp. nov. Plate xxxvp, figs. 8, 9, spicules. 
Sponge irregularly dichotomously branched, the branches rounded, 
unequal, about .75 inch (15-25™™") in diameter, and 4 to 6 inches 
long, often repent, elastic when wet, subrigid and light when dry. 
Oscules scattered, very little raised, 3-4™™ in diameter. Internal 
reticulations rather coarse, with rather strong fibers containing much 
spongin. Beneath the surface layer the canals or areole are rela- 
tively large (2-3""), angular, honeycomb-like, separated by thin 
reticulated walls, and often form linear series. The dermal layer, 
when intact and dry, is thin, openly but finely reticulated, with the 
angular pores mostly arranged in groups or double circles around a 
central pore over the areolz, and with a small projecting point at 
each angle. The skeleton fibers are .05 to .12™™ in diameter and 
contain very numerous multiserial, slender, sharp, oxeote spicules, 
usually .10 to .15™™, rarely .18™™ long, mostly shorter than the sides 
of the meshes, and mostly entirely enclosed in the spongin fibers, 
Color, when dried, dark reddish brown ; lighter red in life. 
Our specimens are much infested with the Zoanthid, Parazoanthus 
parasiticus. (See p. 295.) 
* In the text the reference is erroneously to pl. vii, fig. 3. Many similar 
errors occur in referring to the plates in the same work. 
