A, EF. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands; Coral Reefs. 341 
but form evident loose axial lines, ascending and divergent, plumosely 
branched in the branchlets and conules. 
Color red in life, buff when dry. Found also in the Bahamas and 
Florida. 
Axinella rudis, sp. nov. Plate xxxvp, fig. 13. 
Sponge upright, with tall, rather stout irregular branches, 15—20™™ 
in diameter. Sides of branches covered with irregular, very unequal, 
rough tubercles and lobules, mostly blunt and ascending, 2-5"™ high; 
1-4" broad; on the lower parts of branches and stem they become 
much smaller and more verruciform. Surface rough or subhispid, 
everywhere irregularly reticulated with rather coarse stiff fibers. 
Oscules abundant in the depressions, .5 to 1™™ in diameter, sur- 
rounded by more numerous smaller pores. Color, in life, bright red; 
when dried it often retains a rose-red color, gradually changing to 
reddish or orange-brown. 
The fibers have a good amount of light yellow spongin. The 
spicules in the fibers are mostly rather large and stout, often curved, 
acute stylotes; with these are some slender, and a few 2lmost capil- 
lary styles, or rhaphides, nearly as long as the other: ; very few 
regular, slender, tricurved toxa were also noticed in the thin dermal 
layer. 
It occurs also on the Florida reefs.* It belongs to the group 
named Pandaros by Duch. and Mich. It is related to A. Walpersii 
D. & M., but that has flat or flabellate branches; also to A. angulosa 
and A. pennata of D. and M. (as Pandaros). 
Family, Polymastide. (P. 334.) 
Polymastia varia, sp. nov. Plate xxxvp, figs. 1, la. 
Sponge compact, thick, encrusting and also massive, sometimes 
with a nearly even surface, often tuberculate, or when large rising 
into long finger-like elevations 1 to 1.5 inches high and .8 to .5 inch 
in diameter, often concave at top but not fistular. Some of the 
masses are 3 to 5 inches thick and broad. Surface, when dry, hard 
and compact, often appearing granulated or subareolate, and 
minutely hispid with the projecting points of small tylostylote spic- 
* Axinella rosacea, sp. noy. Plate 35p, fig. 12. A similar species occurs at 
Florida and Bahamas. It has stunter branches densely covered with groups of 
short capitate and tuberculate branchlets, often forming rosette-like forms. 
Color light red or pink when dried. Stylote spicules much stouter than in A. 
angulala, the larger ones .28 to .34™™ long; with these are much more slender 
oxeates .37 to .40™™ long. 
