A. L. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands; Coral Reefs. 343 
Microscleres are mostly wanting; after a long search only two or 
three were found ; they were minute, slender, spined spirasters or 
spinispirale, with about 13 turns, and very minute, nearly straight 
rhabdi. 
Irregular and ovoid dark brown pigment bodies are abundant. 
Color in life, dark smoky brown or black, common; the largest 
seen were in Harrington Sound; also occurs on Florida reefs (Yale 
Mus.). 
Cliona caribbea Carter. Boring Sponge. Fig. 181. Plate xxxvp, fig. 4. 
Cliona caribbea Carter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. ix, p. 546, pl. 
xii, fig. 26, 1882. 
Cliona viridis (pars.) Topsent, Archives Zool, Exper. et General, vol. viii, p. 
84, pl. iii, fig. 8d, 1900. 
While young this common species excavates extensive and irregu- 
lar cavities in shells and corals, especially in Porites. Later in life 
it may grow up into thick, massive, dull yellow, convex forms, 6 
inches to a foot or more in diameter, with large oscules and a coarsely 
verrucose surface.* Interior coarsely cavernous,f as dried, and sup- 
ported by irregular bands and columns of compacted tylostylote 
spicules. The soft sarcode quickly decays and runs out, in drying, 
with a very offensive odor Cortical layer compact. It usually 
includes numerous fragments of shells and corals. 
a 
ee Re 
Ai ee a ihe 
Figure 181. Cliona caribbea; a, one of the tylostyles from the boring 
sponge, x 165; b, a microsclere(spinispirula) much more enlarged (after 
Carter). 
The spicules of this massive form (see pl. 35d, fig. 4) are mostly 
essentially like the one figured by Carter (fig. 181). They are variable 
in size and form, mostly .28 to .40™™ long ; many are rather stout 
“with a fusiform shaft; most are more slender with the shaft less 
fusiform ; few are styles. The head is generally ovate, not very 
large. No microscleres were found after long searching. 
* In this form it corresponds to the genus Oscarella. Topsent (1900) referred 
this species and many other forms to Cliona viridis of Europe, in which he 
included, as massive states, Osculina, and Papillina=Papillella Vos. 
+ The massive form here described may not be the adult of the Carter’s spe- 
cies; therefore I propose for it the provisional name Cliona sordida. See plate. 
