Coe and Kunkel— California Limbless Lizard. 373 
These glands are in life creamy white in color and are situated at 
an average distance of about 3°” anterior to the cloacal aperture in 
the adult lizards. Each gland is oval in shape, of regular outline, . 
about 5™™ in length when mature and about half as wide. The 
tubules of which it is composed are loosely coiled, and can be seen 
with a hand lens, the connective tissue tunic being much less firm 
than in many lizards. 
At the anterior end of the testis the tubules enter a very fine, much 
convoluted duct, forming the epididymis, which passes forward as 
far as the adrenal body, and then bends abruptly backward, passing 
along the lateral face of the testis to join the vas deferens. 
The vas deferens is likewise much convoluted. It receives the 
epididymis on the lateral border of the testis, and, with many con- 
volutions in its anterior half, passes back to open at the summit of a 
longitudinal ridge or papilla situated on the dorsal wall of the dorsal 
cloacal chamber (pl. x.y, fig. 35, v.d) a little in advance of the open- 
ing of the ureter, as will be described below. The opening of 
the vas deferens into the cloaca is guarded by a strong sphincter of 
circular muscular fibers (pl. xiv, fig. 35), the contraction of which 
also raises the posterior end of the ridge on which the opening is 
situated into a prominent papilla. This papilla is doubtless greatly 
enlarged at the time of copulation. 
The epididymis is lined with a single layer of flattened or cuboidal 
cells, while the vas deferens has a lining of a single layer of colum- 
nar cells, and these increase in height toward the posterior end of 
the duct. 
Ovaries and Oviducts. 
As is the case with Anguis and numerous other lizards, Anniella is 
ovoviviparous, usually giving birth to two well formed young at each 
breeding season. These young are very vigorous and active from 
the moment of their birth. Externally they resemble the adults in 
almost every particular except as to size and in some cases color, for 
all the young appear to be of the gray or silvery variety, while the 
adults exhibit two well marked color varieties as described on the 
preceding pages. 
The genital glands of the female are situated in a position similar 
to those of the male, but are considerably larger. Their size natur- 
ally varies directly with the increase in size of the ova as the time 
approaches for the discharge of the eggs into the oviducts. As a 
rule the right ovary is slightly larger than the left, although in all 
probability both produce an equal number of eggs. 
