Coe and Kunkel— California Limbless Lizard. 377 
xvi, fig. 40). These will be described in detail below. In the 
papilla itself the lumen of the oviduct is much reduced in size. 
It should be noted that in the closely allied Anguis both oviduets 
are well developed, and both bear an approximately equal number 
of embryos, some 15 to 20 young being produced in a single season 
(Leydig, ’72, p. 180). In Amphisbaena both oviducts are likewise 
of about the same size (Bedriaga, ’84, p. 67), as is also the case in 
Anops and Trogonophis (Smalian, ’85, p. 191). 
It is to be remembered that it is the left oviduct which is aborted 
in Anniella, while in birds it is the right which has degenerated even 
more completely. In numerous reptiles the left oviduct is shorter 
than the right, but so far as we can learn retains its normal functions 
in all lizards except Anniella. 
Cloaca. 
The cloaca in Anniella is made up of three more or less well 
demarcated chambers, of which two constitute the anterior portion 
of the cloaca and the third the posterior portion. The two anterior 
chambers are separated by a thick horizontal partition (pl. xtv, fig. 
35, A), so that one of them lies directly dorsal to the other. We 
shall therefore refer to these three chambers as ventral, dorsal, and 
posterior (v.c, d.c, and p.c, pl. xtv1, fig. 40). 
The ventral cloacal chamber (pl. xiv, fig. 35, v.c) 18 a narrow tube 
with rather thick muscular walls. Its mucosa is thrown up into 
high longitudinal ridges so that the lumen of the tube is compara- . 
tively small. It leads from the opening of the large intestine, 
described in a preceding chapter, to the posterior cloacal chamber. 
The urinary bladder enters this chamber by a narrow opening in its 
ventral wall near its anterior end (pl. xiv1, fig. 40, 62). The colum- 
nar epithelium lining this tube is not very different from that of the 
large intestine. ; 
The dorsal cloacal chamber is a rather large space lying directly 
dorsal to the thick horizontal partition which separates it from the 
ventral chamber. On the walls of this cavity the openings of the 
ureters, Wolffian, and genital ducts are situated. 
In the male, as described above, the sperm ducts open on the 
summit of a pair of longitudinal ridges (pl. xv, fig. 35, v.d), situated 
on the dorsal surface of the chamber. The ureters open directly 
posterior to them. 
