380 Coe and Kunkel— California Limbless Lizard. 
developed anal glands pour their secretions into it near its external 
opening. 
Kidneys. 
The kidneys are elongated oval bodies, about 9 to 12™™ in length, 
and 3 to 4™™ in width. They are much flattened dorso-ventrally 
and slightly concave ventrally and convex dorsally to correspond 
with the curvature of the body wall against which they lie. They 
are situated dorsal to the rectum, which they approximately equal 
in length. They also lie somewhat obliquely in the body, their pos- 
terior ends coming nearly in contact in the median line, while their 
anterior ends are somewhat more widely separated. 
The posterior end of each kidney (pl. xiiu, figs. 25, 26, %) lies 
very near the dorsal wall of the cloaca, so that the ureter, which 
passes along the whole length of the median face of the kidney, is 
a very short tube. 
Ureters. 
From the median faces of the kidneys the ureters pass directly to 
the dorsal cloacal chamber, where they open slightly posterior to the 
openings of the genital ducts. In the male the sperm ducts open on 
the dorsal wall of the cloacal chamber, so that the openings of the 
ureters lie directly posterior to those of the sperm ducts; whereas in 
the female the oviducts open on the ventral wall of the dorsal cham- 
ber, so that these two sets of openings are separated by the dorso- 
ventral diameter of this chamber. 
Immediately before opening into the cloaca, each ureter has a 
small diverticulum (pl. xiv, fig. 35, 2’) which passes anteriorly paral- 
lel to the uterer and close beside it for a short distance, and ends 
blindly (text-figs. 14, 15). 
The openings of the ureters are near the lateral borders of the dor- 
sal wall of the cloaca, and well separated from the median line. The 
oviducts, on the other hand, open close together near the median line, 
as described above. Osawa (’98) describes a similar relation in 
Hatteria. Leydig (’72), however, has the relative position of the 
openings of oviducts and ureters in Anguwis the reverse of that 
found in Anniella. 
The position of the openings of the ureters relative to those of 
the genital ducts is considerably different in the two sexes. In the 
male these openings are situated on the summits of the urogenital 
papille immediately posterior to those of the genital ducts (pl. Xv, 
figs. 35, 36), while in the female they retain a similar position as 
