Coe and Kunkel— California Limbless Lizard. 381 
regards the cloacal chambers but are separated from the openings of 
the oviducts, as described above, by the lumen of the dorsal cloacal 
chamber (fig. 34). The openings differ further in the two sexes in 
that those of the male open on papillw, the urogenital papille, while 
those of the female do not. 
Urinary Bladder. 
This organ lies on the ventral side of the rectum and although 
its opening into the antericr end of the ventral cloacal chamber is in 
the median line, yet its main portion usually lies on the right side of 
the rectum (pl. xxut, figs. 25, 26: pl. xxv1, fig. 38). In but a single 
individual out of upward of twenty which were examined was the 
bladder situated on the left side of the rectum, and in no case did it 
lie in the median line. 
Its walls are thin, and were collapsed in every individual examined. 
In no ease did the bladder contain any appreciable amount of fluid. 
In length it is usually somewhat less than that of the rectum and 
its diameter about one fourth as great as that of the rectum, so that 
in shape it is a rather slender cylinder slightly larger at the rounded 
blind anterior end than eisewhere. 
Wolffian Ducts. 
The Wolffian body is highly developed in the half-grown embryos 
and the Wolffian duct becomes of considerable size. This duct, as 
is well known, later forms the genital duct of the adult male, while 
in the female of most animals it degenerates and disappears. In 
Anniella, however, as in certain other lizards, it persists throughout 
life in females as well as in males, although in the former it is 
apparently quite functionless. 
In the adult female this tube follows closely the course of the 
ureter, but is situated a little more ventrally and nearer the median 
line (pl. xy, fig. 34 W.d). It is lined with a low columnar epithe- 
lium. Its lumen is narrow and completely filled with a clear homo- 
geneous secretion which tales the ordinary plasma stains with avidity. 
The orifices by which these Wolffian ducts open into the cloaca are 
very inconspicuous, and can be distinguished only by means of serial- 
sections. Even with these it is difficult to determine that actual 
openings are present, for the lumen of the tube becomes obliterated 
near its opening into the cloaca. 
These openings in the adult female (pl. xtv, fig. 34) lie closely 
anterior to the openings of the ureters into the cloaca. Thus in 
cross sections of the body of the female in the region between the 
. Trans. Conn. Acap., Vou. XII. - 25 DrecEMBER, 1906. 
