382 Coe and Kunkel— California Limbless Lizard. 
kidney and the openings of the ureters into the cloaca, three 
pairs of tubes are to be observed (pl. xty, figs. 33, 34); situated 
most dorsally and most widely separated are the ureters, lined with 
rather tall columnar epithelium; rather close to these but ventral and 
nearer the middle line appear the very small Wolftian ducts, and 
very close to the middle line and considerably ventral are the two 
oviducts with the large racemose glands opening into their lumens. 
The relations of the ducts opening into the cloaca in the late embryo 
and the corresponding relations in the adult are shown in text- 
figures 14 and 15, 
Cloacal Glands. 
Conspicuous racemose glands are situated in a crescent-shaped 
mass on the ventral and lateral faces of the posterior cloacal chamber 
immediately anterior to the cloacal aperture, and extend dorsally 
and posteriorly as a pair of narrow horns which form a nearly com- 
plete ring about the posterior cloacal chamber (pl. xuiv, figs. 27, 28). 
They are conspicuous in both sexes, but appear to be much more 
highly developed in mature males than in females or in young of 
either sex. 
They consist of two more or less distinct varieties of glands, of 
which one type apparently secretes a serous fluid and the other a 
distinctly mucous fluid. 
The serous glands consist of a single pair of oval masses of 
racemose acini situated immediately dorsal to the spiral groove 
which passes along the border of the phallus and discharge their 
secretions by a pair of short ducts opening at the bases of the phalli. 
The mucous glands are much more extensive and are situated on 
the ventral side of the grooves leading to the phalli and on the 
ventral side of the posterior cloacal chamber. They are likewise of 
a racemose form and open by several ducts through the ventral wall 
of the cloaca in close relationship with the phallus grooves. The 
glands continue much farther anteriorly than those of the serous 
type, extending forward as far as the openings of the sperm ducts 
and ureters. In their posterior portions the mucous glands are 
situated laterally to the cloaca, but more anteriorly those of the 
two sides approach beneath the cloaca and eventually unite into a 
single mass beneath this chamber. This median mass constitutes 
the body of the crescentic mass referred to above, while the paired 
posterior portions make up the horns of the crescent. 
From their high state of development it is obvious that these 
cloacal glands must play an important part in the economy of the 
