316 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1917. 



Head, volcanic ash probably from Skomer Island, and also chalk 

 flints. These presiimablj' come from another bowlder clay of west- 

 ern and northwestern origin, which has been destroyed in most 

 places. The only section in Glamorganshire where it has undoubt- 

 edly been found in situ is at Pencoed. Here a gravelly drift packed 

 with rounded bowlders of Pennant grit, many striated, with lenticu- 

 lar bands of gray sand or fine gravel containing coal dust, is sepa- 

 rated by a sharp undulating junction from an underlying red clay 

 containing contorted bands of fine sand, and including, besides local 

 rock, western erratics and chalk flints. A similar red clay occurs in 

 the Ewenny Valley, overlain by gravel, which ma}^ be either a river 

 gravel or the southern extension of the gravelly drift. Its western 

 erratics and red color, taken in conjunction with its discontinuous na- 

 ture, show that it is older than the gravelly clay overlying the raised 

 beach. The relations of these older glacial remains to the raised 

 beach have not yet been conclusively determined. Pebbles closely 

 resembling chalk flints have occasionally been found in the raised 

 beach of Gower ; it is possible that they may really be Carboniferous 

 or Liassic cherts, but if they are flints they are strong evidence that 

 the glacial remains are older than or contemporary with the beach. 

 In the Gower Peninsula we also have the raised beach associated 

 with cave deposits containing a temperate fauna of Chelles type. 

 The general section as described by the late H. Falconer (86) is: 



5. Dark colored cave earth with ancient British pottery. 



4. Stalagmite with limestone breccia (Ursiis, Bos). 



3. Ocherous cave loam and dark sand {Elephas antiqutis, Rhinoceros 



leptorhiniis, Rh. antiquitatis, Hyaena, Wolf, Vrsus, Bos, Cervus, 



Meles taxus and Putorius). 

 2. Stalagmite. 



1. Tellow sand abounding with shells of Litorina rudis and L, Utoralis, 

 and at the top Clausilia nigricans. 



In Minchin Hole the mammalian remains were found actually in 

 the marine sand, and if we accept Falconer's conclusion that the 

 marine sands and the breccia of the caves correspond with the raised 

 beach and the lower " head," the mammalian remains must be 

 earlier than the gravelly bowlder clay. 



At Milf ord Haven the raised beach overlain by " head " is only 6 

 feet above higli-water mark and farther north it gradually descends 

 to sea level. 



The interglacial age of the fauna of the Gower Caves is further 

 borne out by the sequence of deposits in the caves of Pont NeAvydd, 

 near St. Asaph in North Wales (87) where a fauna almost identi- 

 cal with that of Gower was associated with a human tooth and 

 with rude, hatchet-shaped implements of quartzite, made from peb- 



