A MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
By Ricuarp C. McGrecor. 
wilase. AV Eis. 
Oviparous, warm-blooded, amniotic vertebrates which have their an- 
terior extremities transformed into wings. Metacarpus and fingers carry- 
ing feathers or quills. With an intertarsal joint. Not more than four 
toes of which the first is the hallux. (Gadow.) 
Subclass CARINAT AL. 
Sternum with a keel; scapule and coracoids fused forming an acute 
or a right angle; foramen ischiadicum present; distal six or seven verte- 
bre fused to form the pygostyle. 
Orders. 
a. Hind toe connected by a web to the inner toe................ Pelecaniformes (p. 200) 
a*. Hind toe not connected by a web to the inner toe. 
b'. Nostrils tubular. 
c. Bill strong and decidedly hooked at the tip............ Procellariformes (p. 84) 
e. Bill weak, very small, gape very wide.. Caprimulgi in Coraciiformes (p. 295) 
67. Nostrils not tubular. 
¢. Cutting edges of bill more or less distinctly fringed or serrated, tip of 
|r LES 5 105 516 ("3 Ra ee Pe nee BO RE Me MCLANE Anseriformes (p. 184) 
ce. Cutting edges of bill not fringed. 
ad. Rectrices rudimentary; or if evident not prominent, being short, soft, 
and hidden by the upper coverts. 
eo Taraus\ flats: toes lobed 2.020 eee Colymbiformes (p. 82) 
e*. Tarsus normal; toes not lobed. 
je 0 2 261 ae Hemipodii (p. 17) 
f?. Hind toe present. 
Excalfactoria and Megapodius in Galliformes (p. 9) 
d*, Rectrices not rudimentary; if short not hidden by upper coverts. 
e’, Anterior toes distinctly webbed and tarsus shorter than tail. 
Lariformes (p. 85) 
e’. Anterior toes not distinctly webbed; or, if webbed, tarsus decidedly 
longer than tail; or else bill extremely small with gape very broad 
and deeply cleft. 
f*. Lower portion of thighs naked; or, if feathered, the bill lengthened 
and grooved along each side, the outer and middle toes separated 
for their entire length. 
led 
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