56 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
Genus (ENOPOPELIA Blanford, 1898. 
Tail short and square, its ters subequal; first primary nearly or 
quite as long as the second. 
47. @NOPOPELIA HUMILIS (Temminck). 
RED TURTLE DOVE, 
Columba humilis TEmMMINCK, Pl. Col. (1824), 259. 
Turtur humilis Satvavort, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 21, 434. 
Onopopelia humilis SHARPE, Hand-List (1899), 1, 79. 
Onopopelia humulis McGrecor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 14 
(error). 
Bd-to ba-t6é de col-lar, Manila. 
Calayan (McGregor); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon (Cuming, Méllendorff, 
Meyer, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead, McGregor) ; Mindoro (Steere 
Exp., Bourns & Worcester). China, Japan, Indo-Chinese countries, eastern Ben- 
gal, Andamans. 
Adult male-—Back, wings, and under parts nearly uniform vinaceous- 
red; upper parts darker, more reddish brown; head and sides of face 
light slate-gray sharply separated from color of back by a narrow, black, 
nuchal band; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts blackish slate ; 
chin white or nearly so; vent and under tail-coverts white; alula, primary- 
coverts, primaries, and secondaries blackish brown; rectrices black below ; 
three outer pairs with the terminal third white; three inner pairs with 
terminal third pearl-gray; outermost pair with outer web all white; 
middle pair brown above. Iris dark; bill, legs, and nails black. Length, 
215 to 240. Three males average: Wing, 138; tail, 90; exposed culmen, 
14; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 25. 
Adult female—Color pattern as in the male but the vinaceous-red 
replaced by earthy brown; under parts paler with a faint vinaceous 
wash; head brown like the back. Three females average: Wing, 128; 
tail, 77; exposed culmen, 14; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 24. 
Young.—The young male is like the adult female but lacks the nuchal 
band and under parts have no vinaceous wash; wing-coverts and feathers 
of breast tipped with yellowish brown. 
The eastern ruddy dove is one of the common doves in Luzon; it is 
very abundant in open lowland country where it feeds upon the ground. 
Like the barred and Dussumier’s doves this species is common in the 
vicinity of Manila; many are sold in the markets throughout the year. 
In the other islands it is very scarce. 
Genus SPILOPELIA Sundevall, 1873. 
Tail graduated ; its outermost feather 40 mm. shorter than the central 
pair; a wide band of feathers on neck with bifurcated tips. 
