NUMENIUS. 115 
Species. 
a. Culmen, 115 mm. or more; crown uniform in color with the back. 
bt. Lower back and rump white or with streaks and spots of black; axillars 
pure white or with traces of dusky lines.....................-...----- arquatus (p. 115) 
b?. Lower back and rump brown; axillars white, broadly barred with blackish. 
cyanopus (p. 116) 
a. Culmen, 90 mm. or less; crown blackish with a pale or whitish central vertical 
[OV ENG Be eh ines Be ee ene e286 ei A a A ele ee La variegatus (p. 117) 
99. NUMENIUS ARQUATUS (Linneus). 
COMMON CURLEW, 
Scolopax arquata LINN2XUvS, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 145. 
Numenius arquatus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1896), 24, 341; OaTEs, 
Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1902), 2, 36. 
Numenius arquata SHarPe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 157; BLANForD, Fauna 
Brit. Ind. Bds. (1898), 4, 252, fig. 58 (head); McGrecor and Wor- 
CESTER, Hand-List (1906), 24. 
Masbate (Bourns &€ Worcester) ; Negros (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester) ; 
Palawan (Whitehead, Bourns & Worcester); Samar (Whitehead). India and 
Africa; Europe east to Lake Baikal, in winter to southern China and Malay 
Peninsula. 
“Adult male in breeding plumage.—Above brown, with longitudinal 
black centers to the feathers imparting a broadly striped appearance ; 
feathers of upper surface notched with ashy or rufous, giving to many 
of the scapulars a somewhat barred appearance; wing-coverts dark brown, 
edged with whity brown, median and greater series also checkered with 
whity brown, imparting a somewhat barred appearance to this part of 
the wing; alula, primary-coverts, and primaries blackish, externally 
glossed with bottle-green; primary-coverts slightly tipped with white, 
shafts of outer primaries white, those of inner ones brown, primaries 
notched or barred, on inner web only, with sandy buff or whitish, inner 
primaries thus marked on both webs; secondaries distinctly barred with 
brown and white, both webs being deeply notched with ashy whitish; 
innermost secondaries ashy brown with dusky brown cross-bars, the 
center of the feathers being also dusky brown; lower back and rump 
pure white with black longitudinal spots or streaks, a little more distinct 
on the rump; upper tail-coverts barred with black and white or with 
sagittate subterminal spots, the longer ones tinged with sandy buff, 
giving a streaked appearance; neck more ashy, streaked with brown; 
over the eye a white streak, narrowly lined with black; sides of face and 
_ sides of neck, throat, and chest pale sandy buff streaked with blackish 
brown, more narrowly on the sides of face; chin and upper throat white; 
breast, abdomen, sides of body, thighs, and under tail-coverts white, 
streaked with dark brown on breast, and very narrowly on abdomen and 
under tail-coverts; thighs unstreaked; sides of body with distinct bars 
or sagittate markings of dark brown; under wing-coverts and axillars 
pure white, mottled with blackish centers to the feathers; axillars more 
7 
