132 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
Subfamily SCOLOPACIN 2. 
This subfamily contains all of the snipes and a number of small sand- 
pipers; the toes are without webs, otherwise many of the genera might 
easily fall in the subfamily Totanine. 
Genera. 
a. Culmen equal to or less than tarsus. 
Bt), hv Malind 60 yo seaiics ame secre ecb caper eect ee ees errs Calidris (p. 132) 
b*. Hind toe present. 
ct. Tarsus about equal to middle toe with claw.....................-.-.- Pisobia (p. 133) 
c. Tarsus longer than middle toe with claw.................... Heteropygia (p. 138) 
@. Culmen longer than tarsus. 
b'. Eye not placed far back in the head; ear opening well behind posterior margin 
of eye. 
c. Larger; wing more than 150 mm.; culmen more than 40 mm. 
Tringa (p. 141) 
c?, Smaller; wing less than 130 mm.; culmen less than 40 mm. 
ad. Bill slender, upper mandible narrow, its tip slightly expanded; upper 
taal-coverts ‘white i207... Aca ee Erolia (p. 139) 
d*. Bill broad and flat; end of upper mandible decidedly decurved, its tip 
pointed; upper tail-coverts not white......................-.. Limicola (p. 142) 
b*?. Eye placed well back in head; ear opening just below hinder margin of eye. 
c’. Tarsus less than middle toe with claw; culmen nearly twice the length of 
Carsus:;; CulMeMsSbraie lity see ee ee ene eee Gallinago (p. 143) 
c?. Tarsus more than middle toe with claw and but little less than culmen; 
culmen decidedly decurved at its tip........-..-...-.-....-.--- Rostratula (p. 147) 
Genus CALIDRIS Illiger, 1811. 
Bill straight, slightly expanded at tip, culmen about equal to tarsus 
and longer than middle toe with claw; hind toe wanting. 
112. CALIDRIS LEUCOPHA-A (Pallas). 
SANDERLING. 
Tringa leucophea PALLAS, in Vroeg’s Catal. (1764), 32. 
Trynga alba PALLAS, Vroeg’s Catal. Adumbr. (1764), 7; SHERBORN, Smiths. 
Mise. Colls. (1905), 47, 341. 
Tringa arenaria LINNXUS, Syst. Nat. ed. 12 (1766), 1, 251. 
Calidris arenaria OATES, Bds. Brit. Burmah (1885), 2, 398; Cat. Birds’ 
Eggs (1902), 2, 52; SuHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1896), 24, 526; 
Hand-List (1899), 1, 163. 
Calidris alba RicHMOND, Smiths. Mise. Colls. (1905), 47, 347. 
Oalidris abba McGrecor and WorcESTER, Hand-List (1906), 27 (error). 
Calidris leucophea A. O. U. CommITrEE, Auk (1908), 25, 367. 
Luzon (Whitehead, McGregor). Arctic regions; in winter to Africa, South 
America, Marshall Islands, Indian Peninsula to Australia. 
“Winter plumage.—Forehead, face, and the whole lower plumage pure 
white; crown, nape, hind neck, back, and scapulars pale ashy, the crown 
