140 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
black centers, taking the form of stripes on head and back, and of cross- 
bars on scapulars; lower back dul@hy brown, with whitish edges; sides 
of lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts white, the latter tinged with 
rufous, and showing a few black bars; wing-coverts brown, with whitish 
edgings, greater series tipped with white, forming a wing-bar; some of 
the coverts rufous like the back, and some of the inner secondaries also 
rufous on their edges; primary-coverts and quills darker brown, the 
latter with white tips, primaries dark brown with white shafts; second- 
aries fringed with white, more broadly on the shorter ones, which are white 
at base of inner webs; tail-feathers ashy brown, with white fringes and 
white shafts; head like the back, but showing less distinct blackish centers 
to the feathers; hind neck distinctly hoary, owing to the gray edgings of 
feathers ; sides of face and under surface rich vinous-chestnut ; with more 
or less distinct remains of hoary margins; vent and under tail-coverts 
white, the latter tinged with rufous, and having a few black bars; sides 
of body and flanks pure white, the latter with a few black bars; under 
wing-coverts and axillars pure white; lower primary-coverts and upper 
surface of quills light ashy. Bill and feet black; iris hazel. Length, 
188 ; culmen, 34; wing, 135; tail, 48; tarsus, 29; middle toe with claw, 25. 
“Adult female in summer plumage.—Like the male but not so richly 
colored, tint of the under surface duller chestnut, and not so vinous. 
Length, 178; culmen, 35; wing, 124; tail, 46; tarsus, 29; middle toe 
with claw, 25. 
“Adult in winter plumage.—Ashy brown above, slightly mottled with 
darker centers to the feathers; wing-coverts lke the back; quills as in 
the summer plumage; rump and upper tail-coverts pure white; tail- 
feathers ashy brown, fringed with white, with white shafts, and a sub- 
terminal bar of dusky blackish, the inner webs having a good deal of 
white at the base; lores dusky, with a supra-loral streak of white; under 
surface of body pure white, with tiny lines of dusky brown on the sides 
of face, sides of neck, lower throat, and fore neck. 
“Young m first autumn plumage.—Similar in general color to the 
winter plumage of the adult, and distinguished by the absence of rufous 
color in the plumage of the upper surface; on the under surface the 
streaks on the fore neck are almost obsolete, and a fulvescent shade 
overspreads fore neck and chest, in some specimens even extending to the 
breast itself. On the upper surface it is very similar to the winter 
plumage of the adult, but has always more distinct pale edgings to the 
feathers, these being gradually fulvescent, while the mantle is decidedly 
darker, being blackish, with pale margins to the feathers.” (Sharpe.) 
So far as known this species is a rare winter visitant to the Philippine 
Islands. 
