148 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
“Adult female.—Above ashy = strongly glossed with olive-green, — 
freckled all over with transvers@lines of dusky blackish, with here and 
there broader bars of greenish black; some of the scapular feathers edged 
with bright ocherous forming a streak down each side of the back; long 
inner coverts pure white, forming another streak, generally concealed 
by the scapulars; wing-coverts distinctly glossed with olive-green and 
finely barred with dusky; alula, primary-coverts, and quills pearly gray, 
freckled with irregular wavy lines of black, and ocellated ovate spots 
of rich ocherous on outer web, and with bars of the same color on inner 
web; all the quills marked with black at base of outer web, more distinctly 
seen in the primaries than the secondaries; lower back, rump, upper tail- 
eoverts, and tail pearly gray, with black cross-lines, rump with a few 
white spots, upper tail-coverts spotted with rich ocherous, tail-feathers 
barred with ocherous; crown dusky, slightly glossed with olive-green, a 
band of ocherous down the center, bordered on each side by a shade of 
black; round eye a cincture of isabelline whitish, reaching to a point 
above ear-coverts, and surrounded by a blackish shade above and below, 
more broadly in front; lores, sides of face, and throat, deep chestnut, 
extending backwards round hind neck; across fore neck a broad collar 
of greenish black; remainder of under surface white, extending upwards 
on either side of the black pre-pectoral band; on each side of upper part 
of breast a black patch with a slight greenish gloss, succeeded by some 
brown feathers waved with dusky lines; axillars and under wing-coverts 
white, outer ones ashy, freckled with dusky cross-lines and small spots 
of white or buff. ‘Bill greenish, yellowish fleshy at the tip of both 
mandibles; feet pale green; iris dark brown.’ (Butler.) Length, 229; 
culmen, 47; wing, 140; tail, 42; tarsus, 43. 
“Adult male——Different from the female and rather smaller. Easily 
distinguished from the female by the absence of chestnut on the throat 
and neck, and by the different color of the wing-coverts. The latter, 
instead of being olive-green barred with blackish cross-lines, are bronzy 
olive, with numerous bar-like spots of yellow-ocher, these spots having 
a black line above and below; the inner secondaries similarly colored and 
marked. Although there is a line of sandy buff on each side of the 
back, there are apparently no white parapteral plumes. Instead of the 
chestnut on the throat, the latter is white with dusky spots on the upper 
part, the lower throat light brown, mottled with dusky bars and whitish 
margins to the feathers, the lower border of this dusky patch edged with 
a band of black. ‘Bill purplish brown; feet dull slaty blue; iris dark 
brown. (S. Stafford Allen.) Length, 229; culmen, 49; wing, 127; 
tail, 41; tarsus, 43. 
“Young male.—Resembles the old male almost exactly, but has the 
throat entirely white, the lower throat and fore neck washed with brown, 
with some dusky streaks; these streaks on the full-grown male are some- 
